Creativity and Innovation essay part 3Essay Writing Service

Creativity and Innovation essay part 3Essay Writing Service Creativity and Innovation essay part 3 Creativity and Innovation essay part 3Creativity and Innovation essay part 2The key strategies and tactics of the introduction of the new product involve the use of the idea factory. The idea factory opens the way for the development of the effective application that may attract many customers. The strategies and tactics used in the course of the project and during idea factory operations should be determined by leaders but leaders should also take into consideration the position and attitude of their subordinates. The company should introduce the product that can be provided for customers in the quantity and quality that match customers’ needs and wants. Key strategies and tactics should focus on the use of the idea factory as the core of the development and introduction of the new product.The leaders should allow employees to participate in the process of decision making in order to make such employees confident and feel they are valuable so that they will have full initiati ve to make innovation. In addition, the leader should listen carefully to opinions in relation to innovation proposed by employees and consider its feasibility in order to decide whether such opinions can be accepted (Jeffrey 2006). Moreover, monetary reward and non – monetary reward should be given to employees who proposed innovative opinions in order to make them satisfied.According to Amabile Khaire (2008) the leaders should create healthy corporate culture and embedded such culture into the process of daily business operations in order to make employees make innovation in such culture and encourage employees to make innovation. In addition, the leaders should establish relevant target in relation to innovation in order to encourage employees to achieve such target. However, such target should not be set too difficultly to be achieved so that it is very important for the leaders to pay sufficient attention on employees’ feedback in order to examine the difficulty of target established and opinions from employees. Moreover, the leaders can also encourage positive competition among department. For example, the leaders can reward people who make innovation or propose innovative ideas more than other employees in order to encourage other employees to make innovation.Today, all the enterprises are faced with high technology, various products, picky customers, and quickly changing environment. If you want to win, you must keep changing, so innovation ability and innovation level is critical for business growth and highly related to whether the enterprise can win in the market competition. Innovations have been characterized as radical innovation or incremental innovation (Green, 1995). In enterprises, innovation comes from good ideas, which are the solutions to business challenges, and it comes into being business opportunities. So it is the process of â€Å"ideas-innovation-opportunity†,   For the incremental innovations, it is easy to d etermine the feasibility of an innovative solution because the market has verified it, but if it is completely radical innovations, choose the reasonable solution becomes very important and very difficult.When enterprises need to solve problems that occur in its development or need to develop new product, the RD department will come up with a series of innovative ideas. Then assessment team will be formed to choose the good idea from the idea pool and put the good idea into practices. According to Ed Bernacki, innovative activity can be divided into five parts, including generating ideas, developing ideas, judging ideas, communicating ideas and turning ideas into actions. And judging ideas is the weakest skill for most people. Judging ideas is also called the idea assessment process. Evaluation mainly divided into three stages, preparation for the assessment, feasibility analysis, choosing a scheme to implement on the basis of feasibility.The preparation for the assessment is mainly about establishing the evaluation team, including the choice of evaluation personnel and the communication mechanism between assessment team and innovation team. First, experts in relevant fields must be needed. Since the ideas are often with high technology and applied in specific field. If the ideas are aimed to create something new and sometimes even bring comprehensive cross-industry, the knowledge domain of experts must be clear. Second, the individual difference affects the judging (Caroff Maud, 2008). Pursuing customer’ the biggest satisfaction is the goal of the company and customers are the end user of the products, so customer experience has a decisive influence in the success or failure of the product. It is necessary to choose a few loyal users to evaluate the idea of research and development. The experts are related with RD and customers are related with the market. Third, communication mechanism between assessment team and innovation team is important during t he assessment process. The explanation of problems is sometimes not simple and direct, good communication will help.When enterprises need to solve problems that occur in its development or need to develop new product, the RD department will come up with a series of innovative ideas. Then assessment team will be formed to choose the good idea from the idea pool and put the good idea into practices. According to Ed Bernacki, innovative activity can be divided into five parts, including generating ideas, developing ideas, judging ideas, communicating ideas and turning ideas into actions. And judging ideas is the weakest skill for most people. Judging ideas is also called the idea assessment process.Evaluation mainly divided into three stages, preparation for the assessment, feasibility analysis, choosing a scheme to implement on the basis of feasibility.The preparation for the assessment is mainly about establishing the evaluation team, including the choice of evaluation personnel and the communication mechanism between assessment team and innovation team.Creativity and Innovation essay part  4

Grounded Theory -- Definition and Overview in Sociology

Grounded Theory Definition and Overview in Sociology Grounded theory is a research methodology that results in the production of a theory that explains patterns in data, and that predicts what social scientists might expect to find in similar data sets. When practicing this popular social science method, a researcher begins with a set of data, either quantitative or qualitative, then identifies patterns, trends, and relationships among the data. Based on these, the researcher constructs a theory that is grounded in the data itself. This research method differs from the traditional approach to science, which begins with a theory and the seeks to test it through the scientific method. As such, grounded theory can be described as an inductive method, or a form of inductive reasoning. Sociologists  Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss popularized this method in the 1960s, which they and many others considered an antidote to the popularity of deductive theory, which is often speculative in nature, seemingly disconnected from the realities of social life, and may, in fact, go untested. In contrast, the grounded theory method produces a theory that is based on scientific research. (To learn more, see Glaser and Strausss 1967 book,  The Discovery of Grounded Theory.) Grounded Theory Grounded theory allows researchers to be scientific and creative at the same time, as long as the researchers follow these guidelines: Periodically step back and ask questions.  The researcher needs to step back once in a while and ask the following questions: What is going on here? Does what I think I see fit the reality of the data? Data does not lie, so the researcher needs to make sure their own ideas about what is happening matches what the data is telling them, or the researcher may need to alter their idea of what is going on.Maintain an attitude of skepticism.  All theoretical explanations, hypotheses, and questions about the data should be regarded as preliminary, whether they come from the literature, experience, or making comparisons. They should always be checked out against the data and never accepted as fact.Follow the research procedures.  Research procedures (data collection, analysis, etc.) are designed to give precision and accuracy to a study. They also help the researcher break through biases and lead him or her to examine some of his or her assumptions that might otherwise be unrealistic. Therefore, it is important that the correct research procedures are followed so that an accurate conclusion is reached. With these principles in mind, a researcher can construct a grounded theory in eight basic steps. Pick a research area, topic, or population of interest, and form one or more research questions about it.Collect data using a scientific method.Look for patterns, themes, trends, and relationships among the data in a process called open coding.Begin to construct your theory by writing theoretical memos about the codes that emerge from your data, and the relationships among codes.Based on what you have discovered so far, focus on the most relevant codes and review your data with them in mind in a process of selective coding. Conduct more research to gather more data for the selected codes as needed.Review and organize your memos to allow the data and your observations of them to shape an emergent theory.Review related theories and research and figure out how your new theory fits within it.Write your theory and publish it. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Exam qusetion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exam qusetion - Essay Example Laws in common law however can be repealed and amended by parliament. Duress is a defence against all crimes with the exception of murder and attempted murder. The prevailing circumstances matter and determine when duress can be used to exonerate one of their wrongdoings. The threat must: be to death or serious injury, be directed against the defendant or his immediate family or someone close to him, neither emanate from actions the defendant voluntarily did nor circumstances that the defendant voluntarily put himself in and inescapable by any reasonable means. The crime against which one seeks to use duress as a defence must be a directly caused by the threats to the person. The above criteria present a lot of problems to the defence of duress. First is the subjective nature of most of the criteria. The perception of the actor is key to the actions they commit and what accounts as serious injury to one person may not be so to another. Levels of fortitude, self-sacrifice, altruism and perception of danger vary from individual to individual and have no reasonable measure or an objective benchmark. The requirement that the threat be of serious injury is of essentially ambiguous and thus may be valid or invalid depending on the individual under duress. This ambiguity and subjectivity also apply most of the other criteria and thus denying the defence of duress to any and all individuals without appealing to the prevailing circumstances is clearly unfair. The courts do not recognise duress if the court determines that the harm done is superior to the perception of harm to be caused by threats and this is tested in two ways; questioning whether the defendant acted as they did because they honestly believed the harm of the threat to be serious and questioning whether a reasonable person of typical courage and having similar characteristics to the defendant would have acted in the same manner. Clearly these two criteria do not

Function of Central Banks as Lender of Last Resort (LOLR) Essay

Function of Central Banks as Lender of Last Resort (LOLR) - Essay Example The crisis saw the fall of stock markets across the world and the collapse of massive financial institutions from some of the richest nations (Dorn 2010). In a bid to salvage the situation, governments, through their central banks as LOLR, came up with rescue packages with an aim of bailing out the countries’ financial systems (Brunnermeier 2009). The crisis resulted from the US sub-prime mortgage market collapse as well as the negation of the real estate boom according to (Brunnermeier 2009). Many experts blame the current economic models for the crisis that affected lives across the globe. Advantages of LOLR During a financial crisis that hit the financial sectors, it is pointed out that many banks tend to become insolvent and sometimes collapse. In order for such a situation not to come into play, the central banks always come in an act as lender of last resort. In this case, it provides funding to increase the liquidity position of these banks. This has helped many banks e scape receivership during a financial crisis (Schinasi, Teixeira and IMF. Finance Dep. 2006 p.11). Grauwe (2011) notes that when a bank is faced with solvency problems, this in most cases can trigger deposit holders of other banks to move out their money/deposits commonly referred to as bank run. It also causes banks to start selling off their assets lowering their prices. When this continues for long, the bank may end up owing more than it can own. To solve the problem, the central bank had to play the role of lender of last resort (LOLR). Being lender of last resort was important in restoring the cascading loss of confidence among the depositors. This is so because when investors know that they are in a position to get their money in the event of a crisis, they do not panic (Posen 2005 p.120). Central banks function as a lender of last resort is important as it acts as buyer of last resort for a country’s bonds. The loss in confidence, in this case, may lead to a liquidity problem in the other markets since there is no buyer of last resort. When this is allowed to continue for long, fears may continue until the liquidity crisis degenerates creating solvency problems. With regard to bonds, fear creates loss of confidence which increases governments interest rates which they are required to pay in order to rollover bonds (Grauwe 2011). The high interest rates may make the country insolvent and the central bank comes in as lender of last resort (Grauwe 2011). When a financial crisis hits the financial sectors of the economy, many agents tend to hold cash for safety reasons. When the central bank comes in and acts as a lender of last resort and provides funding, it stops the deflationary process leading to stabilization of economy (Capie and Wood 2007 p.424-429). Disadvantages and Controversial Function of LOLR One of the main arguments against central bank’s function of being the lender of last resort is that it may lead to inflation (Grauwe 2011) . When the central bank buys out government bonds, it is argued that this increases the money market thereby triggering inflation. The main distinction is seen between the money stock and money base. In situations where the central bank purchases government bonds and other assets, this increases the money base. However, the money stock remains stable. For this reason, it is seen that during periods of financial meltdown, the monetary supply and monetary base become

Characteristics of the breakfast cereal industry Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of the breakfast cereal industry Essay Brand History Breakfast cereals are not a homogenous product. The ready-to-eat breakfast cereal industry may be characterized by relatively low economies of scale and relatively low levels of technology. In other words, the entry into this industry is easy. Between the 1950s and the 1970s there was no entry of new firms in the industry even though all the incumbent firms such as Kellogg, General Mills, General Foods and Quaker Oats, made significant profits. Later however, there was the entry of new low-end companies in the markets and the number of brands sold by these firms also increased substantially from 25 to more than 80, and this number is still on a rise (Cabral, 2000, p. 265-266). Pricing trends For decades the breakfast cereal market was one of the most profitable in the United States. The industry had a consolidated structure dominated by Kellogg, General Mills and Kraft Foods with its Post brand. Strong brand loyalty, coupled with control over the allocation of supermarket shelf space, helped to limit the potential for new entry. Meanwhile the steady demand growth of around 3% per annum kept the industry revenues expanding. Also Kellogg, which accounted for over 40 percent of the market share, acted as the price leader in the industry for years in the industry. Every year Kellogg increased cereal prices, its rivals followed and industry profits too remained high. However, this favorable structure started to change in the early 1990s when the growth in demand slowed and then stagnated as the lifestyle and hence food patterns changed and the market saw the rise of powerful discounters such as Wal-Mart that started promoting their own brand of cereal. As sales of cheaper store-brand cereals began to take-ff, supermarkets no longer were as dependent on brand names to bring in traffic and hence they started to demand lower prices from the branded cereal manufacturers. Initially, the branded cereal manufacturers tried to hold against these adverse trends. However, in 1996 Kraft which was then owned by Philip Morris aggressively cut prices by 20 % for its Post brand in am attempt to gain market share. Kellogg son followed with a 19 percent price cut on two-third of its brands and General Mills quickly did the same. However, this too did not change the consumption pattern the growth rates of which remained flat and revenues then started going down for all the branded cereals (Hill, Jones, 2009, p. 52). The trend continued in 2000s also and the situation worsened with the private-label sales continuing to make inroads, gaining over 10 percent of the market. To top it all off, the sales of breakfast cereals started to contract at 1 percent per annum and the period between 1998-2001 saw the market leader Kellogg sliding down to the 2nd position for the first time in its history since its inception in 1906, by General Mills that continued to launch expensive price and promotion campaigns. To cover the rising cost General Mills raised prices in 2001 and competitors soon followed the trend. However, both Kellogg and General Mills tried to move further away from price competition in the industry by diversifying and focusing on brand extensions such as Special K on the behalf of Kellogg and new varieties of Cheerios. Special K was instrumental and helping Kellogg recapturing its market leadership position from General Mills and this renewed focus on non-price competition halted years of damaging price warfare (Hill, Jones, 2009, p. 52). Target markets The breakfast cereal industry targets several diverse markets but focuses upon two large ones namely the baby boomers and their children. Since a high proportion of the baby boomers are highly educated, health appeals are paramount. Thus many brands have placed emphasis on various types of oat-bran cereal. The other sizeable market, targeted to children is also highly developed. Various brands have successfully used sports personality and trade characters such as Tony the Tiger to attract the children towards their products and retain brand loyalty. The breakfast cereal industry has been adept at target market segmentation and promoting favorable brand images. The strategy of the overall industry especially Kellogg, the market leader, has been to provide a comprehensive assortment for the retailers targeting specific market segments (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 109-111) Competition Breakfast cereal industry faces competition from hand-held breakfast products such as bagels, muffins, doughnuts etc. These have in fact led to a decrease in the growth of the breakfast cereal industry. The industry also faces competition from frozen waffles, pancakes, and French toast brands which have proved to be a concern both in the past and the present. Many analysts consider that the competition is due to the change in dietary habits, though some also say that this has been due to th increase in cereal prices for the branded segment (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 112-113). Advertisements and Promotional activities From the time of WH Kellogg, the breakfast cereal industry has been dependent on marketing strategies and expensive promotions. In fact in 1909 itself the advertisement budget of Kellogg had reached 1 million per annum. Needless to say this is a major problem in the industry which has become price sensitive in present times. This activity has led to a decrease in profits and considering that the market share has not increased since the 1990s, this has become even more of a problem. There were also many insufficiencies generated by coupons and in-store promotions. For instance, more than 95 percent of the cereal coupons were thrown away and not redeemed and approximately half of the promotional expenditures did not reach the consumers in the form of lower prices. Because of these inefficiencies, as well as congressional investigations and competitive treats, the breakfast cereal industry has moved to lower prices. As the returns earned by the cereal manufacturers exceed most other grocery products, there is fierce competition among manufacturers (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 113-114). Factors contributing to success and failure There are a combination of variables that contribute to the successes and failure of the breakfast cereal industry. These variables and strategies include innovation, target-market segmentation, image, physical environment resources, and human resources. Such factors must be combined in various degrees for success. The breakfast cereal industry has shown innovation in product and packaging strategies. In addition to this, breakfast snack bars are a new innovation. The image of the breakfast cereal industry has been positive enough to withstand the assault of private-label brand sot a large extent. Also cereal manufacturers with their successful track records and huge advertisement budgets do not have much difficulty in convincing retailers to give their new product introduction a chance. In 1970s, Kellogg designed shelf space allocation programs for supermarkets. Sophisticated computers and programs developed by members of the breakfast cereal industry now help to allocate shelf space according to turnover. The breakfast cereal industry has also been successful in designing packaging for shipping and for display purposes. To sell their product brands and retain the company brand value, the breakfast cereal manufacturers have developed the strategy that links the brand name to the company name instead to identifying brand products by their individual brand names. For instance, Kellogg’s Rice Krispies and Special K, as well as General Mills’ Total Raisin Bran and Total Corn Flakes use this strategy. To fend off private brand competition by offering product line depth and high brand identification (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 114-115).

Modern Tragic Hero Essay -- Character Analysis, Willy Loman

Death of a Salesman, considered as Author Millers most accomplished and successful plays, features the life of Willy Loman, a delusional salesman with a grandiose plan to live the American dream. As a result to the tragic events of Willy Loman’s life starting with his father’s abandonment, and ending with his suicide, Willy Loman never lives the life he has always dreamed. Although, arguably discredited as a tragic hero, Willy Loman attains the qualities essential to credit him as a tragic hero of modern times. Whether or not Willy Loman is a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman’s has been a subject of controversy since the play’s first production. Traditional Aristotelian perception of a tragedy asserts that a tragic hero must be of noble descent by birth or soul (Nienhuis 2). However, Author Miller’s essay â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man,† appeals the Aristotelian view, and insists â€Å"the flaw, or crack in the character, is really nothing—and need be nothing, but his inherent unwillingness to remain passive in the face of what he conceives to be a challenge to his dignity.† Miller declares that in all tragedies a hero reflects a tragic flaw that need not come only through noble descent but through a fight to stay in one’s position. In the present time, traditional tragedy fails to evoke emotions based on a lack of first-hand experience with heroes of noble rank. Thus, the rank of a character â€Å"no longer raises our passio ns, nor our concepts of justice,† as it would have previously because we do not live in a time ruled by kings and queens (Miller, Tragedy, and the Common Man 3). Today emotions are evoked through the pain and suffering of the common man because as times change so do the persons that people can relate to.... ... considered pathetic. Nevertheless, Willy’s suicide cuts the deep into the emotions causing a feeling of sorrowfulness on his behalf because he vigorously tried to provide a great life for his family and never could. In a final analysis, Willy Loman misses the mark, and does not fit Aristotle’s strict definition of a tragic hero. Despite the ancient definition of a tragic hero, Willy Loman appeals to our emotions, has several tragic flaws, and partially realizes his wrongs. Thus, Willy Loman is a common tragic hero in the present time. Times have drastically changed since Aristotle, and it is time for a change in how a tragic hero is perceived. Arthur Miller provides perfect justification for a common tragic hero he states, â€Å"I believe that the common man is as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as kings were† (Miller, Tragedy, and the Common Man 3).

Pornography Addiction Essay

When most people admit that they are addicted to pornography, it would most probably be internet pornography, although all other types of pornography may be valid too. The progress of pornography addiction is extremely high with access to Internet. This is because Internet provides a huge amount of unlimited pornography, with varying levels of graphic content. Internet porn addiction reaches newer levels for an individual in a quick time. Before the individual could realize the changes on himself, he would be browsing at things he would have never expected. Porn in every forms like movies, magazines and billboards produce negative effects on an individual. A sense of shock, shame and hopelessness develop within an individual which may require treatment or rehabilitation. The level of porn sought by an individual is always sequentially increased. As the addiction to porn is increased, higher level and more explicit levels of content are sought. As an individual views the porn content at a particular level for a certain amount of time, his body would gradually seek a higher and more extreme content. The body wouldn’t be satisfied with the currently viewed content and demands more (NLH, 2007). Pornography viewing would always lead to sexually gratification acts like masturbation. Masturbation is only the start of self satisfaction, as a result of pornography viewing, from where it can get worse. Pornography is an addiction like drugs, however de-addiction from pornography is considered more difficult compared to drugs. Pornography addiction is closely associated with masturbation, which has its own physical and mental health effects. The sexual organs are intended to bring pleasure when partners engage in acts of love making. However, when one is addicted to masturbation, there isn’t a bond of love with the partner, but only a bonding with ones own fantasies. Addiction to masturbation too generates sense of guilt and shame apart from making one feel unconfident in the presence of other people. Pornography and masturbation addictions only enhance and facilitate each other, and none can be stopped when the other is going steady. Even when porn is not viewed, masturbation would continue, by recollecting images stored in the head. Even after a considerable amount time is spent without pornography, and with continued masturbation, one would feel a sense of reduced arousal. The individual then starts to seek porn again. The progressive nature of pornography was identified about 25 years back by Dr. Victor Cline who maintained that an addicted person’s needs are increased both in terms of frequency and in deviancy. It is estimated that about 3 to 6% of Americans are addicted to porn. Online pornography is a major cause of divorce, which was not associated with divorce until about seven to eight years back. The justice department estimates that about 9 out of 10 children belonging to the age group of 8 to 16 have seen online pornography. Symantec, the software company has observed that about 47% of school children are recipients of daily pornographic spam (Weiss, 2005). The effects of pornography on children are evident from behavior scientist Ralph DiClemente’s observations that pornography develops to be a building block to a child’s emotional and mental development. The increasing influence of pornography on an individual is evident when an individual spends increasing amounts of time on porn content or seeks more extreme content material. Such people would require associating pornography with their real sex life. They require pornography for stimulation when engaging in sexual acts. There are several signs associated with pornography addiction which indicate development of negative and problematic effects. Worrying that others would find out your pornographic interests, feeling a sense of guilt and shame after using pornography, thinking of pornography even when not using it, are among the negative effects of pornography. With time, the use of pornography slips out of control and efforts to quit or limit pornography use would be unsuccessful (UTD, 2008). Addiction to pornography can result in neglect of responsibility or become less focused on your work or studies. Extreme use of pornography can also lead to emotional barriers with people you love and can also lead to loss of relationships. However, specialists involved in rehabilitation recommend changing routines and environments associated with pornography use and identifying the positive and negative consequences of using and avoiding pornography. Successful rehabilitation also require spending lesser time being alone; and looking for newer ways of confronting feelings like anxiety, loneliness, anger, depression and boredom. Activities that facilitate relaxation, enjoyment and refreshment should be encouraged. Mary Anne Layden, the co-director of the Sexual Trauma and psychopathology program at the Cognitive Therapy Center of University of Pennsylvania says, â€Å"Porn is the most concerning thing to psychological health that I know of existing today. The internet is a perfect drug delivery system because you are anonymous, aroused and have role models for these behaviors. To have drug pumped into your house 24/7, free, and children know how to use it better than grown-ups know how to use it — it’s a perfect delivery system if we want to have a whole generation of young addicts who will never have the drug out of their mind. † (Singel, 2004). Layden too feels that pornography addicts have a tougher time recovering from their addiction than cocaine addicts, as it is possible to get the drug out of the system for cocaine users, but it is impossible to remove pornographic images from the brain, where it would be embedded forever. To highlight the dangers of porn addiction, researchers are asking the Congress to undertake studies on porn addiction and also initiate a public campaign on the issue. At a hearing organized by the Senator Sam Brownback, anti-porn activists emphasized that Internet pornography is enticing children and hooking adults, thereby ruining families and jobs (AP, 2004). A psychologist even claimed that continued and free acccess to pronography would induce an afinity for deviated acts like group sex, sadomasochistic practices and even beastality. According to Virginia Tech professor, James Weaver, who is involved in studies on pornography impact, â€Å"We’re so afraid to talk about sex in our society that we really give carte blanche to the people who are producing this kind of material†. Weaver also pointed out that research on the impact of pornography on family and community life, is very limited. However, studies have shown that pornography addiction can lead to lowering of sexual satisfaction and loss of family values. Lost jobs, failed marriages and broken families are some of the effects attributed to Internet pornography. Internet pornography is spreading at rapid pace and all are vulnerable to this addiction. People take to pornography for several reasons including an attempt to escape the realities of life by self medication or sexual appetite. By taking to such addictions, a sense of satisfaction is obtained through the production and release of chemical substances by the brain and the body. The chemicals released by the brain and body include epinephrine, adrenaline, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), noradrenaline, norepinephrine and testosterone. Accessing pornography consistently would provide sexual arousal to the addict, such that when they are away from accessing porn for a considerable time, they suffer withdrawal symptoms (Tayder, 2006). These symptoms drive an addict desperately to seek porn, and the addict acts inappropriately to satisfy his needs. Sexual addiction or porn addiction may be defined as a condition in which any sexual behavior is associated with a recurring failure to control that behavior and its continued practice despite significant negative consequences (Goodman, 1998). The hypersexual behaviors associated with porn addiction can occur due to organic pathology. With an estimated 420 million adult content adult web pages, gone are the days when store open hours and secure hiding spaces had limited an individual’s porn activity. People who like to be always hooked up, have more at the click of their mouse. However, some specialists do not agree with the use of the word ‘addiction’ with regard to porn, preferring to use the word ‘compulsion’ instead. Although people would label themselves as porn addicts, based on outside inputs, the mental health professionals have no established standards to diagnose and calibrate porn addiction. Eric Janssen of the Kinsey Institute disapproves using the term ‘addiction’ for porn (Downs, 2005). He feels that treating them as addicts would not help them, in anyway. In this regard, Layden emphasizes that diagnosing problems like chronic gambling and substance abuse are similar to diagnoses of problematic porn use. Sex therapist Lounne Cole Weston attributes three main reasons as to why people take to pornography. They would like to act on their fantasies, avoid intimacy or just to facilitate masturbation. Sometimes people take to porn to fill up the gaps in their own sex life. For instance a person who loves oral sex and has a partner who hates it, would like to look at pictures of oral sex. Weston adds, â€Å"Then there are the people who are too embarrassed to explain what it is that they really would like to participate in, so they go there secretively, never having revealed to their mate what they would like to try†. The probability of an individual getting hooked to pornography today is much more than at any point of time, earlier. Both hard and soft pornography is much more graphic today. Adult films are easily accessible today like any other favorite film. Even music videos incorporate sex to increase their sales. TV programs now allow bikinis and semi nudes to appear freely. The sex scenes and chat shows which reveal all kinds of sexual perversions, only adds to the worsening climate on the status of porn. Just like the swim suits of today, which are more revealing, everything seems to be accepted without much complaining. During the 70s, the TV and films rarely showed people kissing. It is sad that some parents too don’t seem to be bothered by the developments. They feel that as the kids are someday going to see this, sooner or later, why not allow them now. Pornography is an important factor associated with sexual violence. The FBI report identifies hard core pornography as a common interest among serial killers. About 87% of child molesters are hardcore pornography addicts. When eight year old Jessica DeLaTorre was abducted, raped and murdered, it was committed by a porn addict, who had viewed child pornography the previous night. Many specialists agree that a very important ingredient in the development of a serial killer is fantasy. These gruesome killings are the results of such fantasies put into reality. This progress of fantasy into reality may be attributed to pornography. John Wayne Gacy had been a avid reader of homosexual magazines for which his second wife had divorced him. Pornography escalates the inner urge, which is present in all of us. This passion for sex is vastly accelerated by pornography, till the individual succumbs to satisfy that drive, without realizing what he is doing in the process. The desire for sexual gratification is dominant in all males, however killers who have not experienced sufficient intimacy in their childhood, attempt to control rather than being intimate during their sexual acts, and they begin to physically harm. The serial killer from Florida, Ted Bunty, recalled just before his execution how early exposure to pornography led him along the murderous path. He said that although he was responsible for his actions, the messages in the pornography contributed to his killings. To overcome pornography addiction, one must have a strong desire to achieve. A strong desire is important to prevent half hearted attempts producing little results. Along with a desire to change, one should also have a sense of commitment. The process of change requires commitment to the process, as the first step. There cannot be any program or instructions which can produce changes for you, when you are not committed to change. Avoid your low self-esteem from taking you back to addiction. Think positively and high of yourself, imagine yourself as a transformed new person. Understand the cause and effects phenomenon and realize that porn addiction is a syptom or effect and not the cause. The cause are the reasons which urge one to indulge in pornography. It is important to identitfy the people and places associated with biggest temptations to view porn and be extra cautious when confronting these. Like any other personal developments, porn addiction change needs to be realized in small manageable goals. Therefore one should set targets like wont be viewing porn for a week, etc.. Realizing such small goals, would provide an early onfidence and momentum. It is also important and helps significantly if the environment is adjusted to suit the deaddiction like getting rid of internet if internet is the main cause of porn viewing.

Effectiveness Male Mental Health Care Health And Social Care Essay

This survey attempts to carry on a qualitative analysis of the efficiency of mental wellness attention places in the UK. The survey will be based on semi structured interviews of some occupants in one such establishment in Manchester Suburbs, aged between 10 and 18. A elaborate literature reappraisal will besides be carried out on the subject. The survey aims at pin indicating major jobs which immature occupants of mental wellness places are confronting. It besides aims at foregrounding the hinderances faced by immature males while life in a residential place with mention to what they have already gone through. It is hoped that this survey will come in utile for such installations to better their services in the hereafter. It is the responsibility of mental wellness attention places to measure and measure their patient services from clip to clip and to inform the governments about them so that some action might be taken for betterment. Mental wellness attention residences in UK have a batch of restrictions. These include deficiency of good trained staff, a general deficiency of empathy among the staff, deficiency of proper resources to provide the particular demands of its occupants and deficiency of proper communicating with the occupants. These jobs are even more enhanced when it comes to male patients. Males normally do n't reach societal support systems such as residential mental wellness attention plans unless and until they feel that now their state of affairs is out of their control. This magnifies the jobs because males in such establishments are normally less than females, but are more chronic. Since this is a qualitative survey, it will use qualitative methods of informations aggregation. Best method for such a survey is that of semi structured interviews, because such a agenda provides an chance to the interviewer to obtain maximal information of diverse nature out of the topic. In the Information bulletin ( 2007 ) of Centre for wellness service development, the Author provinces: ‘Semi-structured interviews focal point on a list of cardinal subjects or inquiries that the interviewer wants the respondent to turn to ‘ . This is a really suited method of informations aggregation for this research since it attempts at researching the subject. The research worker is non looking for any specific replies ; instead an effort is being made to happen out whatever at that place is to cognize about the effectivity of mental wellness attention residential institutes for males, and to hold an penetration of service user position. Literature Reappraisal: Mental wellness jobs can impact the whole life of persons. Many surveies have been conducted in the yesteryear, look intoing different issues related to mental wellness. Following is a reappraisal of some such surveies:Franz and Barker ( 2009 ) conducted a survey to place different Barriers to Care for Primary Care Physicians Treating Patients with Alzheimer Disease. They concluded that the chief jobs were entree to and communicating with mental wellness specializers, hapless reimbursement policies, and uneven geographic distribution of good trained staff in such installations.Harmonizing to the World Health Organization:‘Gender prejudice occurs in the intervention of psychological upsets. Doctors are more likely to name depression in adult females compared with work forces, even when they have similar tonss on standardised steps of depression or present with indistinguishable symptoms. Gender differences besides exist in forms of aid seeking for psychological upset. Womans are more likely to seek aid from and unwrap mental wellness jobs to their primary wellness attention doctor while work forces are more likely to seek specializer mental wellness attention and are the chief users of inpatient attention ‘ .There is considerable sum of prejudice against people with mental wellness jobs among the wellness service suppliers. As cited in the ‘Science daily ‘ , Dr Alex Mitchell and his squad conducted a survey in 2009 to look into hinderances in entree to proper mental wellness attention services. They found out:‘Despite similar or really more frequent medical contacts, there are frequently disparities in the physical health care delivered to those with psychiatric unwellness with frankly poorer attention offered to ( or accepted by ) those with preexistent mental wellness jobs. ‘Patients are besides a spot colored about mental wellness issues. They normally avoid seeing a mental wellness professional. Many of them address their mental wellness jobs to their doctors instead than some mental wellness specializer. Vivian Kovess and co-workers conducted a survey in 2007 to look into the motivation factors in seeking professional aid for mental wellness issues. They found out that: ‘More than half of the sample would see their general practician foremost and frequently would go on with the general practician for followup. Mental wellness professionals were mentioned far less than general Practitioners ‘ . They besides found out that factors like age, instruction and societal support besides affect the seeking of professional mental wellness services.they concluded: ‘General Practitioners are frequently the point of entry into the mental wellness attention system and demand to be supported. Public information runs about mental wellness attention options and interventions are needed to educate the populace, extinguish the stigma of mental unwellness and extinguish biass ‘ . Due to gender functions assigned by society, among patients with mental wellness jobs, adult females are more likely to describe as compared to work forces. In 2009 a research was conducted by Bader and Sinha. Their survey was manifold and was conducted on an Iraqi sample. One of their many findings were: ‘Interviewees describing supplanting as a cause for necessitating mental wellness services were twice every bit likely to be female ‘ . HARP conducted a DH funded survey in 2003. Its intent was to place Bridges and Barriers into mental wellness of refuge searchers. They concluded: ‘The bulk of the male participants in the community audiences felt that work forces in their state of beginning faced specific force per unit areas that did non ease the self-acknowledgement of emotional or mental wellness jobs and that early socialisation in most civilizations did non promote work forces to speak about their jobs ‘ . A survey ( as cited in Dr Anderson Stanciole ‘s article ) on ‘Quality of and entree to wellness attention services ‘ was conducted by HEALTH QUEST under the European Commission. This was aimed at analysing the barriers of entree to mainstream wellness attention services for people at hazard of societal exclusion. Eight states were studied in deepness. They found out that there was a really complex state of affairs in supplying wellness attention installations to migrators. One issue was of multicultural scene. The migrators had communicating issues. They could n't understand instructions or state their jobs decently. Second job was that the professionals had no information of their medical history and besides no manner to achieve it. So, along with prejudice, cultural issues like linguistic communication and brought up manner besides pose a barrier in supplying wellness attention services. Sometimes the mental wellness supplying installations have so complicated processs of admittance, that the aid searcher is discouraged automatically. â€Å" A cardinal challenge some groups of refuge searchers face is right set abouting the procedure of using for protection † . ( Guylim Croucher 2007 ) A survey by Gordon Paul, conducted in 1988, cited in Neal & A ; Davison ( Ninth edition ) suggests that even in the best residential mental wellness attention places, the Patients do non hold optimum contact with healers or psychologist. The clinical staff spends what is even less than one 4th of their entire on the job hours with the patients. Discussion: Service provided to immature males in mental wellness attention establishments in UK is non every bit good as it is expected to be. â€Å" We have seen many instances where the proviso of wellness attention to refuge searchers has fallen significantly short of what would be accepted as a minimal criterion of attention under international human rights criterion † ( Joint Committee on human rights: grounds. P.173 ) Mental wellness is a really huge term and residential mental wellness attention professionals need to concentrate on all the facets of mental wellness. For case, some of the males who were interviewed during the survey pointed out that they had trouble in making the mental wellness attention professionals. Residents in such institutes require proper counsel and reding. They will non profit from the installation if a professional is non available for them most of the clip. Some patients who are non native have besides pointed out linguistic communication issues. The residence should engage proper professionals and perchance an translator for such patients. Bias among the staff was besides reported in some of the semi structured interviews. If the professional mental wellness staff will be biased against people holding mental wellness issues, so there is small opportunity for a life clip improvement of patients. Such immature males are already subjected to a batch of prejudice and unfavorable judgment that can hold a permanent consequence on their lives. They deserve a bias free environment at least inside the installation. One good thing about the mental wellness attention institute is that the professionals over there arrange meetings with the patient ‘s relations and attention takers from clip to clip to educate them about mental wellness issues that their beloved 1s are confronting. Decision: In visible radiation of literature reappraisal and above treatment, it can be concluded that despite supplying mental wellness attention and installations to immature males, mental wellness attention residential places need to be improved. Hiring of professional, un-biased staff is required. Handiness of and entree to good trained psychologists and clinical psychologists is a must. Young males are more unfastened to therapy as compared to medicine, so counseling Sessionss should be encouraged. Some residential mental wellness attention centres do non carry through the demands of the patients. They should increase their support to run into the basic demands of the occupants. On the whole it can be said that these institutes have both, virtues and demerits. Some issues like colored attitude, handiness of professionals, adequate psychotherapeutics Sessionss and physical demands in such installations need to be addressed. Mentions: Anderson E. Stanciole, Manfred Huber ; 2009. Access to wellness attention for migrators. Policy Brief. ( Internet ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.euro.centre.org/data/1254748286_82982.pdf. ( Accessed: 20 may 2009 ) Bader F, A Sinha R ; 2009. Psycho-Social wellness in displaced Iraqis ‘ . Pubmed. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19806555. ( Accessed: 20 may 2010 ) Croucher, G. 2007. The challenge of assisting refuge searchers. ASPA Conference. ( Internet ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //docs.google.com/viewer? a=v & A ; q=cache: tdsC0kpPXDAJ: arts.monash.edu.au/psi/news-and-events/apsa/refereed-papers/au-nz-politics/croucher. ( Accessed: 20 May 2010 )Fraz, C.E & A ; Barker, J.C 2009. When aid becomes a hinderence. American Journal of Geriatic Psychology. ( online ) .Abstract from Geriatic Psychiatry Database. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //journals.lww.com/ajgponline/Abstract/publishahead/When_Help_Becomes_a_Hindrance__Mental_Health.99920.aspx. ( Accessed 20 may 2010 )Gender disparities and mental wellness: The Facts. World Health Organization. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/en/ ( Accessed: 20 May 2010 )HARP, 2003. DH. ( Internet ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.networks.nhs.uk/uploads/06/03/refugeeconf/lane.ppt ( Accessed 20 May 2010 ) . Joint Comitee on Human Rights.Provision of wellness attention 10th study of session 2006-2007. ( Internet ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.pk/books? id=p_m-YfqqPmsC & A ; pg=PA173 & A ; dq=problems+faced+by+mental+health+care+seekers & A ; hl=en & A ; ei=2KD1S5ycGMufrAeNgIX3Cg & A ; sa=X & A ; oi=book_result & A ; ct=result & A ; resnum=1 & A ; ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA # v=onepage & A ; q=problems % 20faced % 20by % 20mental % 20health % 20care % 20seekers & A ; f=fals ( Accessed: 20 may 2010 )Mitchell, A 2009. ‘People With Mental Health Problems Receive Inadequate Medical Care ‘ . Science Daily. ( cyberspace ) .June 4, 2009. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090602083721.htm( Accessed: 20 May 2010 ) Neal & A ; Davison 1997. Abnormal Psychology. ( Ninth Edition ) . Available at: www.wiley.com/college/davison ( Accessed: 21 may 2010 ) Taylor & A ; James 1977. Secret of life album. ( Internet ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //mentalhealth.about.com/cs/stressmanagement/a/whatismental.htm ( Accessed 21 May 2010 ) Viviane, K & A ; Delphine, S 2007. Motivating Factors for Mental Health. BMC Public Health. ( Online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medscape.com/viewarticle/563591. ( Accessed: 20 May 2010 ) Qualitative research methods. Information Bulletin, CHSD. ( Online ) .Vol I. available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm? harvard_id=34 # 34 ( Accessed 20 May 2010 ) .

Batman and the Bush Administration essays

Batman and the Bush Administration essays Smoke billows out from a Manhattan skyscraper, damaged by a fiery explosion. This could easily be a scene from 9/11, however we see Batman looking grimly on as a poster advertises the film will be released soon. Clearly this film plays on the fears of terrorism. As depicted in The Dark Knight, the Joker plays the terrorist, while Gotham's leadership struggles to contain him. The film departs from the superhero ideals of pure good versus pure evil, showing a murky world where moral decisions have to be made in order to stop evil. Because of this, The Dark Knight seems to be an allegory for the War on Terrorism. This paper will look at how the Joker represents terrorism, while Batman represents George Bush and his administration's War on Terror. The Dark Knight opens with a predictable bank robbery. Masked robbers enter a bank, fire a few shots, and try to crack a safe. During the sequence a few of the thugs are discussing who exactly the Joker is. Because of the tilted camera angles something seems askew. Later the Joker kills all his assistant robbers, likely in an effort to protect himself. According to a report from the Defense Technical Information Center, terrorist leadership often tricks fanatics into suicide attacks because it too leaves little evidence they can be tied too (Miyasato). Ostensibly the Joker killed his fellow robbers for similar reasons. In one act of random violence the Joker kidnaps a Batman look-a-like a man he knows is not his real archenemy and proceeds to execute him in a gory manner. He then releases this video to a TV station. This seems like al-Qaida's video of the beheading of journalist Daniel Pearl. The terrorists too knew Pearl was not their military opponent, however they still killed him. Later CBS decided to air the video (Barringer), much like the TV studio in Gotham. In both Gotham and real life these videos were just a mouthpiece for the terrorists to spread fear. The Joker appears motiv...

Definition of Room Temperature

Definition of Room Temperature To the average person, room temperature is the thermometer reading of the room. In science and industry, the temperature is defined. However, not everyone uses the same value: Room Temperature Definition Room temperature is a range of temperatures that denote comfortable habitation for humans. Over this temperature range, a person isnt either hot or cold when wearing ordinary clothing. The definition of the temperature range is somewhat different for science and engineering compared with climate control. For climate control, the range is also different depending on whether its summer or winter.In science, 300 K can also be used as room temperature for easy calculations when using absolute temperature. Other common values are 298 K (25 °C or  77  Ã‚ °F) and 293 K (20 °C or  68  Ã‚ °F). For climate control, a typical room temperature range is anywhere from  15  Ã‚ °C (59  Ã‚ °F) and 25  Ã‚ °C (77  Ã‚ °F). People tend to accept a slightly higher room temperature in the summer and lower value in the winter, based on the clothing they would wear outdoors. Room Temperature Versus Ambient Temperature Ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the surroundings. This may or may not be a comfortable room temperature.

Is spontaneous order a form of social justice for Hayek Essay

Is spontaneous order a form of social justice for Hayek - Essay Example us order that is not bound to any region field or society it is the property of change and revolution where ever these two properties will be the process of spontaneous order will take place. Spontaneous order Example This is simply an ideology which is applicable in different areas of the life, due to its applications it is popular ideology in economical field and various economist appreciated its application in the practical economical market scenarios and process .According to this ideology the market economies can be emerged by any creative individual spontaneous order specifying their own rules and boundaries of working. Spontaneous order Markets application In economic field many classical liberals thinkers like Hayek proposed that the market economies are result of the creative spontaneous order according to his thinking more accurate resources allocation process on accurate places and output getting process is possible by the spontaneous order application, as compared to the organization working methodology. The economist think that it is the ever best methodology to apply as on the spot economical problems solving techniques applications is possible by it by any individual any time according to the situation beyond the limits of any frame work as it is not bound to follow any central decision or policy. The Foundation for Economic Education president Lawrence Reed, says about the spontaneous order as follows: Spontaneous order emerged when people feel alone and when entrepreneurs do their best for the desires of people and then according to the desires provide for them they act upon the market needs and check the prices which tells them what is the need of people and in what quantity it is demanded and it is better and productive way as compared to reliance on... Is spontaneous order a form of social justice for Hayek? In place of the spontaneous order the other word self organization is also used it is the process related to different individual related to different field of life and in different process the term is used and applied such as physical ,biological and social networks and economics ,so we can say that the spontaneous order is a process which is emerged by various kinds of social orders by the interest and willingness of the self interested and motivated persons who not preplanned the things or unintentionally who create order without planning . New needs new demands new ideas make smooth the way of spontaneous order and provide growth for this phenomenon. One mile stone when achieved in this journey produce new way for the next mile stone to achieve so the spontaneous order process and growth is directly proportional to the new coming needs and time. Hayek was economist best known for his work in the field of the economic s according to his work spontaneous order is the key of success in the economical field and can assure promoting new ideas and revolutions as compared to the pre planned strategies further he established a relationship in between the spontaneous order and the social justice he said social justice is interlinked with the spontaneous order as the individuals gets right to do free according to their mind set irrespective of the laws boundaries, he faced many critics too due to this ideology ,but he defended at most of his side his ideology .

The Spirit catches you and you fall down by Anne Fadiman Assignment

The Spirit catches you and you fall down by Anne Fadiman - Assignment Example That is, the existence of soul has not been proved. In addition, life entails myriad crucial facets for example; life entails the aspect of being healthy physically, emotionally and psychologically. In this regard, life facilitates the proper human body functioning. The pertinence of soul has not been proved in any case; it importance is based on the theoretical view it is a form of life that exists in after life or eternal life. The argument with regard to the importance of life relies heavily on one’s belief for example; a person who believes in biological explanation of life may tend to argue that life is more important owing to the fact that it has been confirmed by scientific research. On the other hand, people with more belief on religious and philosophical beliefs may tend to argue that life and soul may have similar values. Taking these factors into consideration, it is evident that the perception of the importance of life and soul varies from one person to another. However, from my personal analysis and understating, life is more important than the