Analysis Of Sir Thomas Malorys Le Morte DArthur - 1246 Words

A knights role in society during the middle ages is to be a sacrificial pawn to the king. During the medieval times, the knight class is under the king and lords classes; however, they were also within the nobility rank. In exchange for land and food, they are obligated to assist and support their lord and king. They must be physically and mentally prepared to forfeit their lives when they fight for and protect their lord no matter the occasion. According to the code of chivalry, they must serve their king and remain loyal always. In addition, a chevalier cannot act on their own accord if the consequences include betrayal of the king, thus they must remain selfless. All the chevaliers have their flaws; however, the other three knights†¦show more content†¦Despite the fact that Sir Gawain and Sir Launcelot had a poor relationship, he has asked for Sir Launcelots assistance because he understands that Sir Launcelot is the flower of the knighthood, and an essential key to prote cting his king since he is unable to complete the task himself (Malory 221). In spite of Sir Gawain exerted the efforts of writing to Sir Launcelot, Sir Launcelot never appeared on the battlefield. Although Sir Bedivere has been with King Arthur during the fight with Sir Modred, does not necessarily mean he is more chivalrous and loyal than Sir Launcelot. As instructed by King Arthur, Sir Bedivere were to take the sword Excalibur to the shore of the lake and throw in the water (Malory 340-1). In response to his wish, Sir Bedivere decided to deceive the king and claim that he has seen nothing when he threw the sword into the water. Lies reached the king ears twice such as seeing only the wind upon the waves and the lapping of the waves (Malory 348-354). Automatically, King Arthur knew Sir Bedivere has been dishonest with him and states, twice you have betrayed me (Malory 355). Sir Bedivere allowed his greed to lead him astray from the code of chivalry. Corresponding with the code of chivalry, he must live to serve the king, live to defend the crown and country and all it holds dear and obey the law of the king. He has broken all these laws by becoming a priest like theShow MoreRelated King Arthur Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesKing Arthur Character Analysis The character of King Arthur is unique in literature. Most characters are known through their actions and words as described by the author of a story. Arthur, however, is a conglomerate of characters described by many different authors over a fifteen hundred year span. There is no single depiction of him, and one cannot trace his origin to a single author for the definitive description. As such, the character of Arthur is different depending on the era, cultureRead More Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur and Monty Python and the Holy Grail2221 Words   |  9 PagesThomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur and Monty Python and the Holy Grail Professor’s comment: This student uses a feminist approach to shift our value judgment of two works in a surprisingly thought-provoking way. After showing how female seduction in Malory’s story of King Arthur is crucial to the story as a whole, the student follows with an equally serious analysis of Monty Python’s parody of the female seduction motif in what may be the most memorable and hilarious episode of the film. MuchRead More King Arthur Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesKing Arthur Character Analysis Although King Arthur is one of the most well-known figures in the world, his true identity remains a mystery. Attempts to identify the historical Arthur have been unsuccessful, since he is largely a product of fiction. Most historians, though, agree that the real Arthur was probably a battle leader of the Britons against the Anglo-Saxons in the sixthth century. In literature, King Arthurs character is unique and ever changing, taking on a different face in

Reflection Paper On Anne Frank - 1325 Words

I have decided to write My thoughts And experiences, kind of like an Anne Frank thing. Honestly, were not all that different, me and her. Listen to me and don’t take me The wrong way, I am fully aware that In all actuality she was in a considerably more intense situation. all it is that I am saying is that she and I lived a sort of struggle that shares a few similarities with my own. for insistence, we were both in hiding from a group of dangerous people and were both found. The only real difference is that Im still alive. Yet I suppose there is also, of course, that one other notable difference between the two of us and our upbringing. Anne was hiding from Nazis because they had a strong hold over a country of people, weapons,†¦show more content†¦Long ago, when I was real young I was diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. A severe condition in which two or more distinct identities are present in—and alternately take control of—an individual. I would say that I had just turned 6 because if my recollection is anything that can be relied on. my father was just sent to the Attica correctional facility a little before my last therapy session with Miss Ramsey. My last session with that woman was the one where she told me Im a bag of losing screws. DID has several symptoms, one being a loss of time or blacking out. Before anyone says anything, no, drugs are not used. It happens without any drugs or alcohol in the system. My fathers wife, a woman I can barely regard as a human and the person that was legally my caregiver at the time came to my sessions and because I was a minor my therapist legally had to inform my guardian that I was no longer mentally healthy and so in response to the new information, my father flabby-witted twinkle-headed crotch cleaner of a wife thought it was appropriate to say in response to my therapists diagnose Are Ya sure she didn’t just get into some of my pills and went on a little trip. and a ll that I could think in that moment, as unintelligent as it may seem, was that this whore is a complete and total cunt. Its truly a freaky feeling to realize that your life went on without you and to have an ignorant caregiver that doesntShow MoreRelatedDiary Of Anne Frank, A Jewish Girl2830 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction of Diary of Anne Frank This diary is a story of a young girl Anne Frank, a Jewish girl written by Anne itself. The diary of this young girl was published on 1942 in Dutch as Secret Annex. The diary of Anne was also displayed as a play in 1955 and as a movie in 1959. It discussed the reflection of Jews in this diary. Anne was born in the Frankfurt. She was the second daughter of her father Otto Frank, a German business man. She had lived most of her life in or around Amsterdam. ThisRead MoreThe Impact Of Scientific Management On Manufacturing Sector And Other Sectors1584 Words   |  7 Pagesscientific management and this phenomenon has been adopted, later on, in other sectors as well. (Jones, 2000). The primary purpose of this essay is to evaluate the role of scientific management in manufacturing sector and other sectors as well. The paper focuses on the analysis of past literature regarding scientific management. The implication of scientific management in manufacturing sector and other sectors sha ll also be critically analysed in this essay. The last part of the essay aims to provideRead MoreThe Effect Of Exercise On The Cognitive Function Of Alzheimer s Patients1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of exercise therapy on the cognitive function of Alzheimer s patients The aim of this paper is to analyse two trials that investigated whether physical exercise could be used to improve cognitive function in female Alzheimer s sufferers by evaluating the effect of aerobic exercise in the treatment of cognitive decline in female Alzheimer s patients. Papers appraised in this synopsis: Carla M.C. Nasimento, Camila V. L. Teixeira, Lilian T. B. Gobbi, Sebastiao Gobbi, (2012). A controlledRead MoreWe Spend $ 50 To Make The World A Better Place1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe book entitled â€Å"How to spend $50 Billion to Make the World a Better Place† was made under the contribution of Harold Alderman, Kym Anderson, Jere Behrman, William Cline, Paul Collier, John Hoddinott, Anke Hoeeffler, Philip Martin, Anne Mills, Lant Pritchett, Frank Rijsberman, Susan Rose-Ackerman and Sam Shillcutt. All said contributors are in the field of teaching economics in a world class universities or holds a high position in business. The book was edited and main authored by Bjorn LomborgRead MoreRemarks from the Thailand Crisis700 Words   |  3 Pagestake effective preliminary measures to prevent a financial crisis in case of a similar situation. Hedging Strategy Moreover, countries with high level of foreign liabilities should hedge against currency risk. As discussed in earlier part of this paper, the rapid deterioration of the economic situation is partially due to excessive offshore borrowing by domestic firms. These firms were facing with large foreign currency denominated debt. After the exchange rate of the baht against US dollar plungedRead MoreChurchill the Writer1933 Words   |  8 Pagesfailures that ensued. While the never ending debate on the quality of his leadership goes on, Churchill’s career as a writer and his extensive published works are commonly overlooked. This paper analyzes Churchill the writer and how his works not only paint a vivid picture of his life and times, but are also a self-reflection of the man he was and the man he wanted to be. Churchill once stated, â€Å"Writing a book is an adventure. To begin with it is a toy then an amusement. Then it becomes a mistress, and thenRead MoreAnne of Green Gables : Personality and Destiny9447 Words   |  38 PagesAnne of Green Gables: Personality and Destiny Abstract Anne of Green Gables is the first long novel of famous Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery, published in 1908. Its publication lightened the spirit of Canadians of that age, giving a place to Canadian native literature in the literary world. Current studies on Anne’s personality is mainly about Anne’s lunacy, mercuriality, narcissist, rebellion,precocity, imagination,love for nature and life. These personalities are considered fixedRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesMartel, Yann Life of Pi AF YA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_Pi Melville, Herman Bartleby the Scrivener: a story of Wall Street ( short story) AF Meyer, Stephenie Twilight (series) YA Mitchell, Margaret Gone with the wind AF Montgomery, L.M. Anne of Green Gables JF Morrison, Toni Beloved AF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beloved_(novel) Morrison, Toni The bluest eye AF Morrison, Toni Sula AF Morton, Kate Forgotten garden AF Nabakov, Vladimir Lolita AF Naidoo, Beverley Other side of t ruth YA NiffeneggerRead MoreLiterature Review : Multiple Intelligence Theory2723 Words   |  11 Pages Literature Review: Multiple Intelligence Theory Leigh Anne Brackett Liberty University Abstract This paper is a literature review relating to the Multiple Intelligence Theory by Howard Gardner. In general, the literature seems to indicate that the Multiple Intelligence Theory is very effective in teaching students. The purpose of this research is to define multiple intelligences, what the strengths are of each intelligence category, and why it is important to use this approachRead MoreJewish Cultural Immersion : Through My Eyes3058 Words   |  13 PagesAmericans are referred to those Caucasian individuals who have immigrated to the United States from another country, such as Eastern Europe (Hays and Erford, 2014). In this paper, I will identify and provide a description of the Jewish population and how they differ from myself in a variety of ways. Additionally, I will provide a reflection of my immersion into the Jewish culture via my observations and highlight what I have learned from my interactions. Additionally, I will include an analysis of how my

Theoretical and Empirical Analyses

Question: Discuss about the Theoretical and Empirical Analyses. Answer: Introduction The present report aims to provide an analysis and examination of the case study of Planter Nuts for identifying the reason of its declining performance in recent times. In this context, the report emphasises on diagnosing the problem faced by Planter Nuts through the application of 5Cs framework and analyse consumer behaviour in snack nut category. Also, it evaluates marketing research carried out Kraft Foods Group in respect to Planter Nuts and segmenting, targeting and position strategy of Planters. The company is also provided recommendation for its brand positioning strategy in the report. 5Cs Framework to Diagnose the Problem as to Why Planters Nuts Performance has been Struggling As depicted in the case study, the consumption of Snack nuts of Planters brand is declining among the US consumers. 5Cs framework is a situational analysis technique that helps in examining of internal and external environmental factors to provide a better understanding of a marketing problem in context (Chernev and Alexander, 2014). The reason for the decline in performance of Planter Nuts can be evaluated successfully through the application of 5Cs framework consisting of the following components: Customer: This helps in gaining an understanding of the needs and expectations of the customers. Planter Nuts, a brand of Krafts Foods Group, aspired to become the national nut by providing consumers high quality products at minimum cost. Planters initially emphasised on providing peanuts to the US consumers but later expanded its product line to include cashews and mixed nuts. However, later the company also included almonds and pistachios in its product line with increased demands of these nut types by US consumers due to their health benefits. The expansion of the product line of Planters caused a decline in the sales of its core product areas that are, peanuts, cashews and mixed nuts. This was mainly due to increase in the competition in the snack nut market of the US from the brands such as Blue Diamond, Wonderful, and Emerald. The case study analysis depicts that competitive brands offer products to the customers at relative lower prices than Planter (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Als o, the shift of consumers towards more healthy nuts such as almond and pistachios were responsible for the decline in sales of the companys core products (Consumers Go Nuts for Healthy Snacks, 2015). Company: This analysis is carried out for gaining a proper understanding of the companys position for meeting the customer needs. This can be evaluated through analysing Planter strengths and weakness through SWOT analysis: Strengths: Good brand image among the US customers (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Providing high quality and tasteful nuts in the snack nut category (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016) Weakness: Targeting only one market segment of males aged between 35-65 years (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Recognised among the US consumers as only offering high quality peanuts, cashews and mixed nuts and does not gain customer recognition in healthy nuts category such as almond and pistachios (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Opportunities: Expanding the product line for increased offering of high quality almonds and pistachios nuts to the customers (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Threats: High cost of nuts as compared to the competitive brands such as Emerald (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016) Competition: Planter Nuts is facing stiff competition from Blue Diamonds, Wonderful and Emerald. Blue diamonds has achieved a good brand name in providing almond nut to the customers. On the other hand, Wonderful is a dominant player in offering pistachios nut among the US market segment. The increasing shift of US consumers towards almonds and pistachios due to their health benefits is impacting the sales of planters peanuts (Watson, 2014). Almonds are recognised as healthy for heart by the American Herat Association. In addition to this, brands such as Emerald offers relatively low priced peanuts in comparison to planters as depicted by the case study further negatively impacting Planter sales and profits (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Collaborators: Planter nuts need to implement major changes in its operational activities such as procurement and manufacturing for meeting the customer needs. It needs to reduce its operational cost by offering low price products for achieving a competitive advantage. Also, the company need to increase its suppliers providing almonds and pistachios nuts for meeting changing customer needs (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016).. Context: The nut consumption trends on the basis of demographics reveal that there is increased consumption of snack nuts by males in comparison to females. However, Planter nuts current positioning strategy only target male segment aged between 35-65 years. Also, the nut consumption is more in population group above the age of 65 years. The demographic trends as illustrated by the case study indicate that planters need to modify its current positioning strategy for improving its performance (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Analysis of Consumer Behaviour in the Snack Nut Category The case study demonstrates the changing trend and preferences of the US population group towards the consumption of snack nuts. The increased popularity of the nuts is on account of high protein and energy nutrition provided by the snack nuts responsible for their large volume sales in the country (International Markets Bureau, 2011). However, there has been dramatic change in consumer behaviour towards snack nut category in recent times. Earlier, the US population group regarded peanuts as basic nut and flavoured peanuts become more popular among the countrys population group. Planters peanuts sales recorded high sales during this time and its salty peanuts were in high demands among the US consumers (Schultz, 2014). The expansion in product line of Planters nuts for cashews and mixed nuts drive the attention of customers towards them and cashews are regarded as the most delicious nut among the US consumers. The market entry of Blue Diamond and Wonderful brand in the snack nut market of the US brought major changes in the taste and preferences of the consumers. The introduction of almonds and pistachios brought attention of the consumers towards eating nutritious and healthy snack nuts. Almonds were regarded as healthy for heart by American Heart Association and this cause a rise in the demand of these nuts among the consumers in the country (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Peanuts, cashews and mixed nuts were relatively perceived as high in fats by the consumers and thus less healthy (Consumers Go Nuts for Healthy Snacks, 2015). In this context, the theory of reasoned action used for analysing consumer behaviour trends states that specificity is a critical factor in the decision-making process of a consu mer. The expectation of achieving a specific result from an action taken influences the purchasing behaviour of consumers. Thus, the perception of gaining a specific advantage with purchasing a product plays a major role in decision-making process of consumers (Southey, 2011). Source: Southey, G. 2011. The Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour Applied to Business Decisions: A Selective Annotated Bibliography. Journal of New Business Ideas Trends 9(1), pp. 43-50. The change in consumer behaviour regarding the consumption of snack nuts can be mainly attributed due to their changed perception eating fat free and nutritious nuts such as almond for staying healthy. The increased awareness among the US consumers about the benefits of eating healthy snacks is causing the changes in their buying patterns in snack nut category (Sweeney, 2000). The figure below reflects percentage of peanut consumption in the US: Evaluation of Marketing Research Undertaken by the Kraft Foods Group in Respect to Planters Nuts Planters Nuts is a part of Kraft Foods but the entity has recently divided into two parts, Mondelez and Kraft Foods Group. Kraft Foods Group is involved in grocery business in North America and Planters has been a part of it since the split. Kraft Foods has assigned a new management team for identifying the main issues responsible for the declining sales of the Planters (Ahead of Spin-Off, Kraft Goes Nuts to Support Grocery Business, 2012). The marketing team under the new management has undertaken a research for gaining a better understanding of the current situation of the company through gathering market data. The research undertaken involved both qualitative and quantitative survey for achieving a specific answer for the research problem. The quantitative surveys undertaken by Krafts Food Group provided an insight into the consumer perceptions of snack nuts on the basis of health benefits and costs. The quantitative data also reflects the brand awareness of Planters among the US consumers and assessed its brand equity in terms of quality, popularity, familiarity, uniqueness and relevance. The result obtained through quantitative survey concluded Planter a recognised and established brand among the US consumers in snack nuts category (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). In addition to this, qualitative research such as in-depth interview and focus groups surveys was also undertaken by Kraft Foods Group. The in-depth interview carried out among the consumers depicted that Planters was mainly recognised as providing quality products for peanuts, cashews and mixed nuts. It has still not achieved brand recognition in category of growth products that are, almonds and pistachios. Almonds and pistachios are regarded as healthy nuts by American consumers and other products such as cashews and peanuts are associated with high fat content (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). There is dramatic shift in the customer preferences towards healthy nuts in comparison to that of flavoured nuts such as salty peanuts, a core product of Planters. Also, the core products of Planters were attributed by customers to be high in cost as compared to similar products offered by competitive brand such as Emerald. The current marketing strategy of Planters can be regarded as ineffective as c ustomers perceive the companys products out-dated. The current positioning strategy of Planters was mainly developed on the basis of demographic variables. The company mainly targets male customers of age group 35-65 years. However, case study analysis shows that nut consumption is more in the adult population of above the age group of 65 years in the US. Moreover, female population group in the country consumes more nuts as compared to that of male population (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). In this context, cognitive learning theory can prove to be very useful in analysing and examining the information collected through market research by Kraft Foods Group in relation to Planters declining performance. As per cognitive learning theory, consumers behaviour towards purchasing a specific product or service is mainly influenced by their thought process. The thought process of consumers is mainly influenced by their present and past experiences achieved through the consumption of a specific product or service over time. Consumer leaning in accordance with cognitive theory can be described as acquiring information and experience about a product or service in past period of time tend to have a significant impact on their future buying behaviour (Awa, 2010). As per the theory, the main influential factors in the purchasing decision-making process of consumers for snack nuts products of Planters are personal, product and situational factors. Product factors relate to self-image of products, product factors involve perceived health risk in purchasing the products and situational factors relates to purchasing products for personal use or for serving to guests in parties etc. in snack nut product category of the company (Salted and Roasted Nuts and Seeds, 2016). Thus, qualitative and quantitative information obtained through market research can be interpreted easily trough Kraft Foods group by applying cognitive theory. Consumers still perceive Planter nuts core products as similar to peanuts on the basis of their past experiences that is negatively impacting their future buying behaviour of companys products. Thus, the marketing research undertaken by Kraft Food Group illustrates modification in the marketing strategy of Planters nuts so th at customers do not perceive the companys brand as synonymous to peanuts only. Planters Nuts Current Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning (STP) is a strategic approach used by marketers to identify the target customer segments and planning the strategies to gain customer recognition in target customer segments . The current STP strategy used by Planters nuts is evaluated as follows: Segmentation: The segmentation strategy followed by Planters nuts is to focus only on one target market and developing effective strategies for becoming a dominant player in the identified market segment. As evident from the market research carried out by Kraft Foods Group in respect to Planters, snack nut consumption is variable in different market segments and so company must design its segmentation strategy for reaching out to different market segments instead of emphasising only on one market segment (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Targeting: The target segments as identified by the Planters nuts is mainly of male population group in the US aged between 35-65 years. However, as illustrated by the market research data, the consumption of snack nuts is relatively higher in female population group of the US. Also, adult population of above age 65 years consumes snack nuts more in comparison to the youth population in the country (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). This indicates that the company need to re-evaluate its targeting strategy and identify new target segments in the country for improving its sales and profitability. Positioning: Planter nuts emphasises on positioning its products in snack nut category in mens target segment through the help of spreading marketing messages on packaging of its products, displaying ads in magazines and launching campaigns targeting at male population group to provide them information of nutritional benefits of its products (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). The marketing research data indicates that the company need to modify its positioning strategy in accordance with the new target segments identified. Brand positioning recommended to Planters Nuts for going forward Planter nuts need to adopt major strategic changes in its positioning strategy for increasing its sales and profitability (Watrous, 2015). As illustrated by the market research conducted by Kraft Foods Group, the company need to identify new market segment of adult and female population group in the US as the consumption of products in snack nut category is relatively more in these segments as compared to male population group. The company need to position itself in the snack nut market as such it is not only viewed as peanuts provider but also a major player in the healthy nuts category such as almond and pistachios. This can be done through the help of adopting proper communication channels that facilitates the company to reach to its target customer segments. Implementation of proper communication channels is also essential so that customers views companys brand image not only as limited to peanuts but also fit for almonds and pistachios products. Communication channels such as ad vertising, press releases, launching health campaigns, social networking will help the company to re-position its brand image in the market (Ries, 2003). The company can modify its tag line to shift its target segments from male population group to female and adult population group (More than Peanuts: Snack Nut Brands Up Spend On Sponsorship, 2009). The change of consumer behaviour pattern for eating more healthy nuts such as almond and pistachios is responsible for Planters to adopt major change in its positioning strategy to enhance the sales in healthy nuts category (Topper, 2014). The competitive brands such as Blue Diamond and Wonderful receives huge support from American Health Association that has enhanced their brand reputation in mind of the US consumers as depicted from the case study analysis (Dolan and Ngwe, 2016). Thus, to enhance the brand image of Planters it also needs to obtain certification of its almonds and pistachios products from health communities in the US to gain customer recognition in these product segments. Conclusion Thus, it can be stated from the case study analysis that Planter nuts need to modify its marketing strategy for enhancing its sales and profitability. The main reasons responsible for the present declining sales of the company is changes in the consumer behaviour in snack nut category and perceived past brand image of Planters in the mind of consumers. Thus, Planters need to position its new brand image among target segments identified for overcoming the decline in the sales of its products in snack nut category. References Ahead of Spin-Off, Kraft Goes Nuts to Support Grocery Business. 2012. [Online]. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2012/03/12/ahead-of-spin-off-kraft-goes-nuts-to-support-grocery-business/#65c124302117 [Accessed on: 20 August 2016]. Awa, H. 2010. Cognitive Consistency in Purchase Behaviour: Theoretical Empirical Analyses. International Journal of Psychological Studies 2 (1), pp. 44-54. Brown, L. et al. 2008. Market Research and Analysis. Wildside Press LLC. Chernev and Alexander, 2014. Strategic Marketing Management. Cerebellum Press. Consumers Go Nuts for Healthy Snacks. 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cstoredecisions.com/2015/04/02/consumers-go-nuts-for-healthy-snacks/ [Accessed on: 20 August 2016]. Dolan, R. and Ngwe. D. 2016. Planter Nuts. International Markets Bureau. 2011. Consumer Trends Salty Snack Food in the United States. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/market-prices-and-statistics/trade-statistics/pubs/us_snack_food_consumer_trends_en.pdf [Accessed on: 20 August 2016]. More than Peanuts: Snack Nut Brands Up Spend On Sponsorship. 2009. [Online]. Available at: https://www.sponsorship.com/iegsr/2009/05/25/More-Than-Peanuts--Snack-Nut-Brands-Up-Spend-On-Sp.aspx [Accessed on: 20 August 2016]. Ries. 2003. Positioning: The Battle For Your Mind. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Salted and Roasted Nuts and Seeds. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://business.highbeam.com/industry-reports/food/salted-roasted-nuts-seeds [Accessed on: 20 August 2016]. Schultz, E.J. 2014. Planters Gives Mr. Peanut New Mission: Flavored Nuts. [Online]. Available at: https://www.adageindia.in/marketing/news/planters-gives-mr-peanut-new-mission-flavored-nuts/articleshow/45725936.cms [Accessed on: 20 August 2016]. Southey, G. 2011. The Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour Applied to Business Decisions: A Selective Annotated Bibliography. Journal of New Business Ideas Trends 9(1), pp. 43-50. Sweeney, S.M. 2000. Working For Peanuts. [Online]. Available at: https://inside-business.com/Main/Archive/Working_For_Peanuts_7763.aspx [Accessed on: 20 August 2016]. Topper, A. 2014. Going Nuts: The Power Of The Peanut. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mintel.com/blog/food-market-news/going-nuts-the-power-of-the-peanut [Accessed on: 20 August 2016]. Watrous, M. 2015. Kraft's profit slips 16%. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bakingbusiness.com/articles/news_home/Financial-Performance/2015/04/Krafts_profit_slips_16.aspx?ID=%7B4713D2FB-A955-41B7-83AB-60C19E6DA2E6%7Dcck=1 [Accessed on: 20 August 2016]. Watson, E. 2014. Almonds are on fire, says Blue Diamond CEO as meteoric growth rates continue. [Online]. Available at: https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Markets/Almonds-are-on-fire-says-Blue-Diamond-CEO-as-meteoric-growth-rates-continue [Accessed on: 20 August 2016].

Learning the Spoken Language

Education is a one of the fast evolving spheres of knowledge in the world. Ever since the ancient times there have been multiple educators who practiced and promoted different approaches to teaching and learning. These days, language learning practice is undergoing a variety of changes and innovations. However, the theory of it is based on the works of psychologists and educators who worked in the 20th century such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and Jerome Bruner.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Learning the Spoken Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, the modern education is a complex and carefully crafted mixture of the wisdom of generations and the latest technologies. At the first sight, the theories of the educators and psychologists of the 20th century are very different in their bases and seem impossible to combine. However, regardless of some noticeable differences, their overall focus wa s to deliver a learner-centered, diverse, and flexible approach that allows creating a comfortable and encouraging environment for the student. This paper serves to demonstrate how the approaches of the well-known psychologists of the past can be applied in the contemporary classroom of language learners using various activities and integrating modern technologies. The paper was written as a reference for the teachers and covers such issues as the concept of discourse and its types, listening and speaking as the activities in language learning, the meaning of communication and personal involvement, and the importance of the use of technologies in the modern classroom. The questions I attempted to answer using the presented activities in the classroom concerned the comprehensibility of the language input, the encouragement of the students’ enthusiasm for learning, and the best strategies to facilitate the language learning among the young students. Theories and Activities Lear ning a foreign language can be divided into tasks targeting literacy skills (written language) and oral skills (spoken language). The theory of language learning is based on the approaches of several outstanding educational psychologists of the past – Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and Jerome Bruner. The approach promoted by Piaget relied on the belief that children are learners by nature and are capable of active learning independently (Cameron, 2001). According to Piaget’s constructivist approach knowledge is a subjective rather than objective concept, and it is constructed individually by each learner (Reusser, 2000). In the theory developed by Vygotsky, social interaction plays the most crucial role in learning (Cameron, 2001). In one of her works, DeVries (2000) noted that the application of Vygotsky’s approach has created both constructivist and behaviorist implications in the modern teaching practices.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's se e if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The works of Bruner rely on the term â€Å"scaffolding† as an activity that allows a child to take care of the tasks and concepts they are able to comprehend and solve, while the teacher is responsible for all the aspects and knowledge that are at that moment beyond a child’s understanding (Puntambekar Hà ¼bscher, 2005). Learning the spoken language relies on such concepts as discourse and vocabulary. The latter refers to the learner’s knowledge of words and phrases for the grammatically correct speech, and the former is developed by means of the activities that facilitate conversation and dialogue along with all the skills involved (comprehension, listening, building and expressing opinions). As a result, it becomes obvious that learning spoken language cannot happen in isolation and requires the participation of several people (Cameron, 2001). Guiding Principles for Teaching The two main guiding principles for teaching a spoken language are meaning and discourse (Cameron, 2001). The success of the spoken language learning process relies heavily on the meaning. In other words, without understanding what is communicated, the children would not be able to learn the language. As for the discourse skills, the children are to participate is it to develop discourse skills and build up knowledge (Cameron, 2001). As a concept, discourse can be used in two ways – in contrast with a sentence or with a text. In the former case, discourse refers to a passage longer than a sentence, and in the latter case, it stands for the use of a language. That way, discourse event characterizes a naturally bounded use of a language of any length (Cameron, 2001). A teacher’s participation in discourse and discourse events is rather important as it allows the learners to build and practice proper sentence structure and phrasing, but also leaves some space for creativity so th at a child could develop spoken language applicable in practical environments outside the classroom walls (Tools and Tips for Using ELT Materials: Drills, Dialogues, and Role Plays, n. d.). Fortunately for the educators, the children have a natural drive to learn, and due to that, a teacher can use the children’s thrive for development to benefit their practice. To ensure a successful learning of the spoken language a teacher is to facilitate communication between the learners and employ social knowledge as the moving forwards for a better understanding of the language. Throughout this process, the teacher is to make sure that the learners’ comprehension of their tasks is full because children have a tendency to go on with the activities without having any understanding. The problem is that such action does not result in learning, so the teacher’s responsibility is to make the meaning as accessible as possible.Advertising We will write a custom report sampl e on Learning the Spoken Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Comprehensible Teaching One of the main concerns of a successful language teacher is how to make language input comprehensible for the young learners and promote their enthusiasm about learning. In order to achieve these goals, a teacher is to make the learning experience enjoyable and meaningful for the children by integrating the elements of target and local cultures; support the learning with purposeful and relevant classroom activities, and ensure the practice of macro and micro language skills by means of social interactions with peers and teacher-student oral exchanges (Teaching Young Learners with the Use of Contextualized Language Instruction, n. d.). As an activity, speaking requires more effort from a child and, therefore, is more demanding. Using spoken language, a child practices their comprehension and develops discourse skills that consist of conversation skills and repertoires (use of vocabulary and context). The students’ enthusiasm towards learning can be supported by means of using subjects interesting for the children, application of purposeful tasks, and employment of language practice in dialogues and texts. The use of contextualized text materials instead of isolated words and phrases is the key element of successful teaching of the spoken language (Teaching Young Learners with the Use of Contextualized Language Instruction, n. d.). In other words, all the linguistic components provided by the teacher are to be accurately integrated in various scenarios applicable to practical situations a child may experience in their day-to-day life. The activities with higher efficiency are those where the children are required to use their spoken language skills in combinations (for instance, listen and tell, listen and select). Dialogues are a good example of an activity targeting both listening and speaking skills such as gramma r, comprehension, pronunciation, and spontaneous responses. Reflection The information above was collected for the purpose to apply all the described principles and techniques in a real classroom. My practical experience showed that dialogues and activities that require the generation of spontaneous speech facilitate active learning in a rather effective way as they push the learners to find solutions independently using the materials and knowledge they have to respond to new situations or generate discourse of descriptive or narrative character. Besides, I also crafted my follow up activities to have practical purposes and match the main strategies of effective language learning such as task, theme, and story-based teaching as well as communicative language teaching.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, I found the use of modern technologies a very helpful strategy in spoken languages teaching as it includes a variety of tasks and activities and also connects learning to the children’s everyday life. In my opinion, applications of an iPad need to be used in class to enhance the practice, optimize the work, and maintain the children’s interest towards learning. Conclusion As language is a creative process, it requires a lot of space for the learners’ creativity while teaching it. As a result, as stated by DeVries (n. d.) and taught by Piaget, the teacher’s role is to help the learners to shape and build their own minds and a set of views but not to fill in the blanks with already existent knowledge and harshly coach them to repeat and learn by heart word combinations. Besides, contextualized information plays a crucial role in the learning of spoken language as it is tightly connected to practice. That way, all the knowledge the children rece ive in the classroom is to be applicable to the real life situations. Finally, the students’ willingness to learn plays an important role in the overall success of the teaching process, and this is why the teacher is to facilitate and maintain the children’s interest in the course using relevant topics. Reference List Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching Languages to Young Learners. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. DeVries, R. (n. d.). Piaget’s Theory and Education: Forming the Mind, Not Just  Furnishing It. Web. Puntambekar, S., Hà ¼bscher, R. (2005). Tools for Scaffolding Students in a Complex Learning Environment: What Have We Gained and What Have We Missed? Educational Psychologist 40(1), 1–12. Reusser, K. (2000). Co-constructivism in Educational Theory and Practice. Web. Teaching Young Learners with the Use of Contextualized Language Instruction. (n.d.). Web. Tools and Tips for Using ELT Materials: Drills, Dialogues, and Role Plays. (n. d.). We b. This report on Learning the Spoken Language was written and submitted by user Kailey Decker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Creativity and Innovation essay part 3Essay Writing Service

Creativity and Innovation essay part 3Essay Writing Service Creativity and Innovation essay part 3 Creativity and Innovation essay part 3Creativity and Innovation essay part 2The key strategies and tactics of the introduction of the new product involve the use of the idea factory. The idea factory opens the way for the development of the effective application that may attract many customers. The strategies and tactics used in the course of the project and during idea factory operations should be determined by leaders but leaders should also take into consideration the position and attitude of their subordinates. The company should introduce the product that can be provided for customers in the quantity and quality that match customers’ needs and wants. Key strategies and tactics should focus on the use of the idea factory as the core of the development and introduction of the new product.The leaders should allow employees to participate in the process of decision making in order to make such employees confident and feel they are valuable so that they will have full initiati ve to make innovation. In addition, the leader should listen carefully to opinions in relation to innovation proposed by employees and consider its feasibility in order to decide whether such opinions can be accepted (Jeffrey 2006). Moreover, monetary reward and non – monetary reward should be given to employees who proposed innovative opinions in order to make them satisfied.According to Amabile Khaire (2008) the leaders should create healthy corporate culture and embedded such culture into the process of daily business operations in order to make employees make innovation in such culture and encourage employees to make innovation. In addition, the leaders should establish relevant target in relation to innovation in order to encourage employees to achieve such target. However, such target should not be set too difficultly to be achieved so that it is very important for the leaders to pay sufficient attention on employees’ feedback in order to examine the difficulty of target established and opinions from employees. Moreover, the leaders can also encourage positive competition among department. For example, the leaders can reward people who make innovation or propose innovative ideas more than other employees in order to encourage other employees to make innovation.Today, all the enterprises are faced with high technology, various products, picky customers, and quickly changing environment. If you want to win, you must keep changing, so innovation ability and innovation level is critical for business growth and highly related to whether the enterprise can win in the market competition. Innovations have been characterized as radical innovation or incremental innovation (Green, 1995). In enterprises, innovation comes from good ideas, which are the solutions to business challenges, and it comes into being business opportunities. So it is the process of â€Å"ideas-innovation-opportunity†,   For the incremental innovations, it is easy to d etermine the feasibility of an innovative solution because the market has verified it, but if it is completely radical innovations, choose the reasonable solution becomes very important and very difficult.When enterprises need to solve problems that occur in its development or need to develop new product, the RD department will come up with a series of innovative ideas. Then assessment team will be formed to choose the good idea from the idea pool and put the good idea into practices. According to Ed Bernacki, innovative activity can be divided into five parts, including generating ideas, developing ideas, judging ideas, communicating ideas and turning ideas into actions. And judging ideas is the weakest skill for most people. Judging ideas is also called the idea assessment process. Evaluation mainly divided into three stages, preparation for the assessment, feasibility analysis, choosing a scheme to implement on the basis of feasibility.The preparation for the assessment is mainly about establishing the evaluation team, including the choice of evaluation personnel and the communication mechanism between assessment team and innovation team. First, experts in relevant fields must be needed. Since the ideas are often with high technology and applied in specific field. If the ideas are aimed to create something new and sometimes even bring comprehensive cross-industry, the knowledge domain of experts must be clear. Second, the individual difference affects the judging (Caroff Maud, 2008). Pursuing customer’ the biggest satisfaction is the goal of the company and customers are the end user of the products, so customer experience has a decisive influence in the success or failure of the product. It is necessary to choose a few loyal users to evaluate the idea of research and development. The experts are related with RD and customers are related with the market. Third, communication mechanism between assessment team and innovation team is important during t he assessment process. The explanation of problems is sometimes not simple and direct, good communication will help.When enterprises need to solve problems that occur in its development or need to develop new product, the RD department will come up with a series of innovative ideas. Then assessment team will be formed to choose the good idea from the idea pool and put the good idea into practices. According to Ed Bernacki, innovative activity can be divided into five parts, including generating ideas, developing ideas, judging ideas, communicating ideas and turning ideas into actions. And judging ideas is the weakest skill for most people. Judging ideas is also called the idea assessment process.Evaluation mainly divided into three stages, preparation for the assessment, feasibility analysis, choosing a scheme to implement on the basis of feasibility.The preparation for the assessment is mainly about establishing the evaluation team, including the choice of evaluation personnel and the communication mechanism between assessment team and innovation team.Creativity and Innovation essay part  4

Grounded Theory -- Definition and Overview in Sociology

Grounded Theory Definition and Overview in Sociology Grounded theory is a research methodology that results in the production of a theory that explains patterns in data, and that predicts what social scientists might expect to find in similar data sets. When practicing this popular social science method, a researcher begins with a set of data, either quantitative or qualitative, then identifies patterns, trends, and relationships among the data. Based on these, the researcher constructs a theory that is grounded in the data itself. This research method differs from the traditional approach to science, which begins with a theory and the seeks to test it through the scientific method. As such, grounded theory can be described as an inductive method, or a form of inductive reasoning. Sociologists  Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss popularized this method in the 1960s, which they and many others considered an antidote to the popularity of deductive theory, which is often speculative in nature, seemingly disconnected from the realities of social life, and may, in fact, go untested. In contrast, the grounded theory method produces a theory that is based on scientific research. (To learn more, see Glaser and Strausss 1967 book,  The Discovery of Grounded Theory.) Grounded Theory Grounded theory allows researchers to be scientific and creative at the same time, as long as the researchers follow these guidelines: Periodically step back and ask questions.  The researcher needs to step back once in a while and ask the following questions: What is going on here? Does what I think I see fit the reality of the data? Data does not lie, so the researcher needs to make sure their own ideas about what is happening matches what the data is telling them, or the researcher may need to alter their idea of what is going on.Maintain an attitude of skepticism.  All theoretical explanations, hypotheses, and questions about the data should be regarded as preliminary, whether they come from the literature, experience, or making comparisons. They should always be checked out against the data and never accepted as fact.Follow the research procedures.  Research procedures (data collection, analysis, etc.) are designed to give precision and accuracy to a study. They also help the researcher break through biases and lead him or her to examine some of his or her assumptions that might otherwise be unrealistic. Therefore, it is important that the correct research procedures are followed so that an accurate conclusion is reached. With these principles in mind, a researcher can construct a grounded theory in eight basic steps. Pick a research area, topic, or population of interest, and form one or more research questions about it.Collect data using a scientific method.Look for patterns, themes, trends, and relationships among the data in a process called open coding.Begin to construct your theory by writing theoretical memos about the codes that emerge from your data, and the relationships among codes.Based on what you have discovered so far, focus on the most relevant codes and review your data with them in mind in a process of selective coding. Conduct more research to gather more data for the selected codes as needed.Review and organize your memos to allow the data and your observations of them to shape an emergent theory.Review related theories and research and figure out how your new theory fits within it.Write your theory and publish it. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Exam qusetion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exam qusetion - Essay Example Laws in common law however can be repealed and amended by parliament. Duress is a defence against all crimes with the exception of murder and attempted murder. The prevailing circumstances matter and determine when duress can be used to exonerate one of their wrongdoings. The threat must: be to death or serious injury, be directed against the defendant or his immediate family or someone close to him, neither emanate from actions the defendant voluntarily did nor circumstances that the defendant voluntarily put himself in and inescapable by any reasonable means. The crime against which one seeks to use duress as a defence must be a directly caused by the threats to the person. The above criteria present a lot of problems to the defence of duress. First is the subjective nature of most of the criteria. The perception of the actor is key to the actions they commit and what accounts as serious injury to one person may not be so to another. Levels of fortitude, self-sacrifice, altruism and perception of danger vary from individual to individual and have no reasonable measure or an objective benchmark. The requirement that the threat be of serious injury is of essentially ambiguous and thus may be valid or invalid depending on the individual under duress. This ambiguity and subjectivity also apply most of the other criteria and thus denying the defence of duress to any and all individuals without appealing to the prevailing circumstances is clearly unfair. The courts do not recognise duress if the court determines that the harm done is superior to the perception of harm to be caused by threats and this is tested in two ways; questioning whether the defendant acted as they did because they honestly believed the harm of the threat to be serious and questioning whether a reasonable person of typical courage and having similar characteristics to the defendant would have acted in the same manner. Clearly these two criteria do not

Function of Central Banks as Lender of Last Resort (LOLR) Essay

Function of Central Banks as Lender of Last Resort (LOLR) - Essay Example The crisis saw the fall of stock markets across the world and the collapse of massive financial institutions from some of the richest nations (Dorn 2010). In a bid to salvage the situation, governments, through their central banks as LOLR, came up with rescue packages with an aim of bailing out the countries’ financial systems (Brunnermeier 2009). The crisis resulted from the US sub-prime mortgage market collapse as well as the negation of the real estate boom according to (Brunnermeier 2009). Many experts blame the current economic models for the crisis that affected lives across the globe. Advantages of LOLR During a financial crisis that hit the financial sectors, it is pointed out that many banks tend to become insolvent and sometimes collapse. In order for such a situation not to come into play, the central banks always come in an act as lender of last resort. In this case, it provides funding to increase the liquidity position of these banks. This has helped many banks e scape receivership during a financial crisis (Schinasi, Teixeira and IMF. Finance Dep. 2006 p.11). Grauwe (2011) notes that when a bank is faced with solvency problems, this in most cases can trigger deposit holders of other banks to move out their money/deposits commonly referred to as bank run. It also causes banks to start selling off their assets lowering their prices. When this continues for long, the bank may end up owing more than it can own. To solve the problem, the central bank had to play the role of lender of last resort (LOLR). Being lender of last resort was important in restoring the cascading loss of confidence among the depositors. This is so because when investors know that they are in a position to get their money in the event of a crisis, they do not panic (Posen 2005 p.120). Central banks function as a lender of last resort is important as it acts as buyer of last resort for a country’s bonds. The loss in confidence, in this case, may lead to a liquidity problem in the other markets since there is no buyer of last resort. When this is allowed to continue for long, fears may continue until the liquidity crisis degenerates creating solvency problems. With regard to bonds, fear creates loss of confidence which increases governments interest rates which they are required to pay in order to rollover bonds (Grauwe 2011). The high interest rates may make the country insolvent and the central bank comes in as lender of last resort (Grauwe 2011). When a financial crisis hits the financial sectors of the economy, many agents tend to hold cash for safety reasons. When the central bank comes in and acts as a lender of last resort and provides funding, it stops the deflationary process leading to stabilization of economy (Capie and Wood 2007 p.424-429). Disadvantages and Controversial Function of LOLR One of the main arguments against central bank’s function of being the lender of last resort is that it may lead to inflation (Grauwe 2011) . When the central bank buys out government bonds, it is argued that this increases the money market thereby triggering inflation. The main distinction is seen between the money stock and money base. In situations where the central bank purchases government bonds and other assets, this increases the money base. However, the money stock remains stable. For this reason, it is seen that during periods of financial meltdown, the monetary supply and monetary base become

Characteristics of the breakfast cereal industry Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of the breakfast cereal industry Essay Brand History Breakfast cereals are not a homogenous product. The ready-to-eat breakfast cereal industry may be characterized by relatively low economies of scale and relatively low levels of technology. In other words, the entry into this industry is easy. Between the 1950s and the 1970s there was no entry of new firms in the industry even though all the incumbent firms such as Kellogg, General Mills, General Foods and Quaker Oats, made significant profits. Later however, there was the entry of new low-end companies in the markets and the number of brands sold by these firms also increased substantially from 25 to more than 80, and this number is still on a rise (Cabral, 2000, p. 265-266). Pricing trends For decades the breakfast cereal market was one of the most profitable in the United States. The industry had a consolidated structure dominated by Kellogg, General Mills and Kraft Foods with its Post brand. Strong brand loyalty, coupled with control over the allocation of supermarket shelf space, helped to limit the potential for new entry. Meanwhile the steady demand growth of around 3% per annum kept the industry revenues expanding. Also Kellogg, which accounted for over 40 percent of the market share, acted as the price leader in the industry for years in the industry. Every year Kellogg increased cereal prices, its rivals followed and industry profits too remained high. However, this favorable structure started to change in the early 1990s when the growth in demand slowed and then stagnated as the lifestyle and hence food patterns changed and the market saw the rise of powerful discounters such as Wal-Mart that started promoting their own brand of cereal. As sales of cheaper store-brand cereals began to take-ff, supermarkets no longer were as dependent on brand names to bring in traffic and hence they started to demand lower prices from the branded cereal manufacturers. Initially, the branded cereal manufacturers tried to hold against these adverse trends. However, in 1996 Kraft which was then owned by Philip Morris aggressively cut prices by 20 % for its Post brand in am attempt to gain market share. Kellogg son followed with a 19 percent price cut on two-third of its brands and General Mills quickly did the same. However, this too did not change the consumption pattern the growth rates of which remained flat and revenues then started going down for all the branded cereals (Hill, Jones, 2009, p. 52). The trend continued in 2000s also and the situation worsened with the private-label sales continuing to make inroads, gaining over 10 percent of the market. To top it all off, the sales of breakfast cereals started to contract at 1 percent per annum and the period between 1998-2001 saw the market leader Kellogg sliding down to the 2nd position for the first time in its history since its inception in 1906, by General Mills that continued to launch expensive price and promotion campaigns. To cover the rising cost General Mills raised prices in 2001 and competitors soon followed the trend. However, both Kellogg and General Mills tried to move further away from price competition in the industry by diversifying and focusing on brand extensions such as Special K on the behalf of Kellogg and new varieties of Cheerios. Special K was instrumental and helping Kellogg recapturing its market leadership position from General Mills and this renewed focus on non-price competition halted years of damaging price warfare (Hill, Jones, 2009, p. 52). Target markets The breakfast cereal industry targets several diverse markets but focuses upon two large ones namely the baby boomers and their children. Since a high proportion of the baby boomers are highly educated, health appeals are paramount. Thus many brands have placed emphasis on various types of oat-bran cereal. The other sizeable market, targeted to children is also highly developed. Various brands have successfully used sports personality and trade characters such as Tony the Tiger to attract the children towards their products and retain brand loyalty. The breakfast cereal industry has been adept at target market segmentation and promoting favorable brand images. The strategy of the overall industry especially Kellogg, the market leader, has been to provide a comprehensive assortment for the retailers targeting specific market segments (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 109-111) Competition Breakfast cereal industry faces competition from hand-held breakfast products such as bagels, muffins, doughnuts etc. These have in fact led to a decrease in the growth of the breakfast cereal industry. The industry also faces competition from frozen waffles, pancakes, and French toast brands which have proved to be a concern both in the past and the present. Many analysts consider that the competition is due to the change in dietary habits, though some also say that this has been due to th increase in cereal prices for the branded segment (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 112-113). Advertisements and Promotional activities From the time of WH Kellogg, the breakfast cereal industry has been dependent on marketing strategies and expensive promotions. In fact in 1909 itself the advertisement budget of Kellogg had reached 1 million per annum. Needless to say this is a major problem in the industry which has become price sensitive in present times. This activity has led to a decrease in profits and considering that the market share has not increased since the 1990s, this has become even more of a problem. There were also many insufficiencies generated by coupons and in-store promotions. For instance, more than 95 percent of the cereal coupons were thrown away and not redeemed and approximately half of the promotional expenditures did not reach the consumers in the form of lower prices. Because of these inefficiencies, as well as congressional investigations and competitive treats, the breakfast cereal industry has moved to lower prices. As the returns earned by the cereal manufacturers exceed most other grocery products, there is fierce competition among manufacturers (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 113-114). Factors contributing to success and failure There are a combination of variables that contribute to the successes and failure of the breakfast cereal industry. These variables and strategies include innovation, target-market segmentation, image, physical environment resources, and human resources. Such factors must be combined in various degrees for success. The breakfast cereal industry has shown innovation in product and packaging strategies. In addition to this, breakfast snack bars are a new innovation. The image of the breakfast cereal industry has been positive enough to withstand the assault of private-label brand sot a large extent. Also cereal manufacturers with their successful track records and huge advertisement budgets do not have much difficulty in convincing retailers to give their new product introduction a chance. In 1970s, Kellogg designed shelf space allocation programs for supermarkets. Sophisticated computers and programs developed by members of the breakfast cereal industry now help to allocate shelf space according to turnover. The breakfast cereal industry has also been successful in designing packaging for shipping and for display purposes. To sell their product brands and retain the company brand value, the breakfast cereal manufacturers have developed the strategy that links the brand name to the company name instead to identifying brand products by their individual brand names. For instance, Kellogg’s Rice Krispies and Special K, as well as General Mills’ Total Raisin Bran and Total Corn Flakes use this strategy. To fend off private brand competition by offering product line depth and high brand identification (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 114-115).

Modern Tragic Hero Essay -- Character Analysis, Willy Loman

Death of a Salesman, considered as Author Millers most accomplished and successful plays, features the life of Willy Loman, a delusional salesman with a grandiose plan to live the American dream. As a result to the tragic events of Willy Loman’s life starting with his father’s abandonment, and ending with his suicide, Willy Loman never lives the life he has always dreamed. Although, arguably discredited as a tragic hero, Willy Loman attains the qualities essential to credit him as a tragic hero of modern times. Whether or not Willy Loman is a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman’s has been a subject of controversy since the play’s first production. Traditional Aristotelian perception of a tragedy asserts that a tragic hero must be of noble descent by birth or soul (Nienhuis 2). However, Author Miller’s essay â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man,† appeals the Aristotelian view, and insists â€Å"the flaw, or crack in the character, is really nothing—and need be nothing, but his inherent unwillingness to remain passive in the face of what he conceives to be a challenge to his dignity.† Miller declares that in all tragedies a hero reflects a tragic flaw that need not come only through noble descent but through a fight to stay in one’s position. In the present time, traditional tragedy fails to evoke emotions based on a lack of first-hand experience with heroes of noble rank. Thus, the rank of a character â€Å"no longer raises our passio ns, nor our concepts of justice,† as it would have previously because we do not live in a time ruled by kings and queens (Miller, Tragedy, and the Common Man 3). Today emotions are evoked through the pain and suffering of the common man because as times change so do the persons that people can relate to.... ... considered pathetic. Nevertheless, Willy’s suicide cuts the deep into the emotions causing a feeling of sorrowfulness on his behalf because he vigorously tried to provide a great life for his family and never could. In a final analysis, Willy Loman misses the mark, and does not fit Aristotle’s strict definition of a tragic hero. Despite the ancient definition of a tragic hero, Willy Loman appeals to our emotions, has several tragic flaws, and partially realizes his wrongs. Thus, Willy Loman is a common tragic hero in the present time. Times have drastically changed since Aristotle, and it is time for a change in how a tragic hero is perceived. Arthur Miller provides perfect justification for a common tragic hero he states, â€Å"I believe that the common man is as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as kings were† (Miller, Tragedy, and the Common Man 3).

Pornography Addiction Essay

When most people admit that they are addicted to pornography, it would most probably be internet pornography, although all other types of pornography may be valid too. The progress of pornography addiction is extremely high with access to Internet. This is because Internet provides a huge amount of unlimited pornography, with varying levels of graphic content. Internet porn addiction reaches newer levels for an individual in a quick time. Before the individual could realize the changes on himself, he would be browsing at things he would have never expected. Porn in every forms like movies, magazines and billboards produce negative effects on an individual. A sense of shock, shame and hopelessness develop within an individual which may require treatment or rehabilitation. The level of porn sought by an individual is always sequentially increased. As the addiction to porn is increased, higher level and more explicit levels of content are sought. As an individual views the porn content at a particular level for a certain amount of time, his body would gradually seek a higher and more extreme content. The body wouldn’t be satisfied with the currently viewed content and demands more (NLH, 2007). Pornography viewing would always lead to sexually gratification acts like masturbation. Masturbation is only the start of self satisfaction, as a result of pornography viewing, from where it can get worse. Pornography is an addiction like drugs, however de-addiction from pornography is considered more difficult compared to drugs. Pornography addiction is closely associated with masturbation, which has its own physical and mental health effects. The sexual organs are intended to bring pleasure when partners engage in acts of love making. However, when one is addicted to masturbation, there isn’t a bond of love with the partner, but only a bonding with ones own fantasies. Addiction to masturbation too generates sense of guilt and shame apart from making one feel unconfident in the presence of other people. Pornography and masturbation addictions only enhance and facilitate each other, and none can be stopped when the other is going steady. Even when porn is not viewed, masturbation would continue, by recollecting images stored in the head. Even after a considerable amount time is spent without pornography, and with continued masturbation, one would feel a sense of reduced arousal. The individual then starts to seek porn again. The progressive nature of pornography was identified about 25 years back by Dr. Victor Cline who maintained that an addicted person’s needs are increased both in terms of frequency and in deviancy. It is estimated that about 3 to 6% of Americans are addicted to porn. Online pornography is a major cause of divorce, which was not associated with divorce until about seven to eight years back. The justice department estimates that about 9 out of 10 children belonging to the age group of 8 to 16 have seen online pornography. Symantec, the software company has observed that about 47% of school children are recipients of daily pornographic spam (Weiss, 2005). The effects of pornography on children are evident from behavior scientist Ralph DiClemente’s observations that pornography develops to be a building block to a child’s emotional and mental development. The increasing influence of pornography on an individual is evident when an individual spends increasing amounts of time on porn content or seeks more extreme content material. Such people would require associating pornography with their real sex life. They require pornography for stimulation when engaging in sexual acts. There are several signs associated with pornography addiction which indicate development of negative and problematic effects. Worrying that others would find out your pornographic interests, feeling a sense of guilt and shame after using pornography, thinking of pornography even when not using it, are among the negative effects of pornography. With time, the use of pornography slips out of control and efforts to quit or limit pornography use would be unsuccessful (UTD, 2008). Addiction to pornography can result in neglect of responsibility or become less focused on your work or studies. Extreme use of pornography can also lead to emotional barriers with people you love and can also lead to loss of relationships. However, specialists involved in rehabilitation recommend changing routines and environments associated with pornography use and identifying the positive and negative consequences of using and avoiding pornography. Successful rehabilitation also require spending lesser time being alone; and looking for newer ways of confronting feelings like anxiety, loneliness, anger, depression and boredom. Activities that facilitate relaxation, enjoyment and refreshment should be encouraged. Mary Anne Layden, the co-director of the Sexual Trauma and psychopathology program at the Cognitive Therapy Center of University of Pennsylvania says, â€Å"Porn is the most concerning thing to psychological health that I know of existing today. The internet is a perfect drug delivery system because you are anonymous, aroused and have role models for these behaviors. To have drug pumped into your house 24/7, free, and children know how to use it better than grown-ups know how to use it — it’s a perfect delivery system if we want to have a whole generation of young addicts who will never have the drug out of their mind. † (Singel, 2004). Layden too feels that pornography addicts have a tougher time recovering from their addiction than cocaine addicts, as it is possible to get the drug out of the system for cocaine users, but it is impossible to remove pornographic images from the brain, where it would be embedded forever. To highlight the dangers of porn addiction, researchers are asking the Congress to undertake studies on porn addiction and also initiate a public campaign on the issue. At a hearing organized by the Senator Sam Brownback, anti-porn activists emphasized that Internet pornography is enticing children and hooking adults, thereby ruining families and jobs (AP, 2004). A psychologist even claimed that continued and free acccess to pronography would induce an afinity for deviated acts like group sex, sadomasochistic practices and even beastality. According to Virginia Tech professor, James Weaver, who is involved in studies on pornography impact, â€Å"We’re so afraid to talk about sex in our society that we really give carte blanche to the people who are producing this kind of material†. Weaver also pointed out that research on the impact of pornography on family and community life, is very limited. However, studies have shown that pornography addiction can lead to lowering of sexual satisfaction and loss of family values. Lost jobs, failed marriages and broken families are some of the effects attributed to Internet pornography. Internet pornography is spreading at rapid pace and all are vulnerable to this addiction. People take to pornography for several reasons including an attempt to escape the realities of life by self medication or sexual appetite. By taking to such addictions, a sense of satisfaction is obtained through the production and release of chemical substances by the brain and the body. The chemicals released by the brain and body include epinephrine, adrenaline, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), noradrenaline, norepinephrine and testosterone. Accessing pornography consistently would provide sexual arousal to the addict, such that when they are away from accessing porn for a considerable time, they suffer withdrawal symptoms (Tayder, 2006). These symptoms drive an addict desperately to seek porn, and the addict acts inappropriately to satisfy his needs. Sexual addiction or porn addiction may be defined as a condition in which any sexual behavior is associated with a recurring failure to control that behavior and its continued practice despite significant negative consequences (Goodman, 1998). The hypersexual behaviors associated with porn addiction can occur due to organic pathology. With an estimated 420 million adult content adult web pages, gone are the days when store open hours and secure hiding spaces had limited an individual’s porn activity. People who like to be always hooked up, have more at the click of their mouse. However, some specialists do not agree with the use of the word ‘addiction’ with regard to porn, preferring to use the word ‘compulsion’ instead. Although people would label themselves as porn addicts, based on outside inputs, the mental health professionals have no established standards to diagnose and calibrate porn addiction. Eric Janssen of the Kinsey Institute disapproves using the term ‘addiction’ for porn (Downs, 2005). He feels that treating them as addicts would not help them, in anyway. In this regard, Layden emphasizes that diagnosing problems like chronic gambling and substance abuse are similar to diagnoses of problematic porn use. Sex therapist Lounne Cole Weston attributes three main reasons as to why people take to pornography. They would like to act on their fantasies, avoid intimacy or just to facilitate masturbation. Sometimes people take to porn to fill up the gaps in their own sex life. For instance a person who loves oral sex and has a partner who hates it, would like to look at pictures of oral sex. Weston adds, â€Å"Then there are the people who are too embarrassed to explain what it is that they really would like to participate in, so they go there secretively, never having revealed to their mate what they would like to try†. The probability of an individual getting hooked to pornography today is much more than at any point of time, earlier. Both hard and soft pornography is much more graphic today. Adult films are easily accessible today like any other favorite film. Even music videos incorporate sex to increase their sales. TV programs now allow bikinis and semi nudes to appear freely. The sex scenes and chat shows which reveal all kinds of sexual perversions, only adds to the worsening climate on the status of porn. Just like the swim suits of today, which are more revealing, everything seems to be accepted without much complaining. During the 70s, the TV and films rarely showed people kissing. It is sad that some parents too don’t seem to be bothered by the developments. They feel that as the kids are someday going to see this, sooner or later, why not allow them now. Pornography is an important factor associated with sexual violence. The FBI report identifies hard core pornography as a common interest among serial killers. About 87% of child molesters are hardcore pornography addicts. When eight year old Jessica DeLaTorre was abducted, raped and murdered, it was committed by a porn addict, who had viewed child pornography the previous night. Many specialists agree that a very important ingredient in the development of a serial killer is fantasy. These gruesome killings are the results of such fantasies put into reality. This progress of fantasy into reality may be attributed to pornography. John Wayne Gacy had been a avid reader of homosexual magazines for which his second wife had divorced him. Pornography escalates the inner urge, which is present in all of us. This passion for sex is vastly accelerated by pornography, till the individual succumbs to satisfy that drive, without realizing what he is doing in the process. The desire for sexual gratification is dominant in all males, however killers who have not experienced sufficient intimacy in their childhood, attempt to control rather than being intimate during their sexual acts, and they begin to physically harm. The serial killer from Florida, Ted Bunty, recalled just before his execution how early exposure to pornography led him along the murderous path. He said that although he was responsible for his actions, the messages in the pornography contributed to his killings. To overcome pornography addiction, one must have a strong desire to achieve. A strong desire is important to prevent half hearted attempts producing little results. Along with a desire to change, one should also have a sense of commitment. The process of change requires commitment to the process, as the first step. There cannot be any program or instructions which can produce changes for you, when you are not committed to change. Avoid your low self-esteem from taking you back to addiction. Think positively and high of yourself, imagine yourself as a transformed new person. Understand the cause and effects phenomenon and realize that porn addiction is a syptom or effect and not the cause. The cause are the reasons which urge one to indulge in pornography. It is important to identitfy the people and places associated with biggest temptations to view porn and be extra cautious when confronting these. Like any other personal developments, porn addiction change needs to be realized in small manageable goals. Therefore one should set targets like wont be viewing porn for a week, etc.. Realizing such small goals, would provide an early onfidence and momentum. It is also important and helps significantly if the environment is adjusted to suit the deaddiction like getting rid of internet if internet is the main cause of porn viewing.

Effectiveness Male Mental Health Care Health And Social Care Essay

This survey attempts to carry on a qualitative analysis of the efficiency of mental wellness attention places in the UK. The survey will be based on semi structured interviews of some occupants in one such establishment in Manchester Suburbs, aged between 10 and 18. A elaborate literature reappraisal will besides be carried out on the subject. The survey aims at pin indicating major jobs which immature occupants of mental wellness places are confronting. It besides aims at foregrounding the hinderances faced by immature males while life in a residential place with mention to what they have already gone through. It is hoped that this survey will come in utile for such installations to better their services in the hereafter. It is the responsibility of mental wellness attention places to measure and measure their patient services from clip to clip and to inform the governments about them so that some action might be taken for betterment. Mental wellness attention residences in UK have a batch of restrictions. These include deficiency of good trained staff, a general deficiency of empathy among the staff, deficiency of proper resources to provide the particular demands of its occupants and deficiency of proper communicating with the occupants. These jobs are even more enhanced when it comes to male patients. Males normally do n't reach societal support systems such as residential mental wellness attention plans unless and until they feel that now their state of affairs is out of their control. This magnifies the jobs because males in such establishments are normally less than females, but are more chronic. Since this is a qualitative survey, it will use qualitative methods of informations aggregation. Best method for such a survey is that of semi structured interviews, because such a agenda provides an chance to the interviewer to obtain maximal information of diverse nature out of the topic. In the Information bulletin ( 2007 ) of Centre for wellness service development, the Author provinces: ‘Semi-structured interviews focal point on a list of cardinal subjects or inquiries that the interviewer wants the respondent to turn to ‘ . This is a really suited method of informations aggregation for this research since it attempts at researching the subject. The research worker is non looking for any specific replies ; instead an effort is being made to happen out whatever at that place is to cognize about the effectivity of mental wellness attention residential institutes for males, and to hold an penetration of service user position. Literature Reappraisal: Mental wellness jobs can impact the whole life of persons. Many surveies have been conducted in the yesteryear, look intoing different issues related to mental wellness. Following is a reappraisal of some such surveies:Franz and Barker ( 2009 ) conducted a survey to place different Barriers to Care for Primary Care Physicians Treating Patients with Alzheimer Disease. They concluded that the chief jobs were entree to and communicating with mental wellness specializers, hapless reimbursement policies, and uneven geographic distribution of good trained staff in such installations.Harmonizing to the World Health Organization:‘Gender prejudice occurs in the intervention of psychological upsets. Doctors are more likely to name depression in adult females compared with work forces, even when they have similar tonss on standardised steps of depression or present with indistinguishable symptoms. Gender differences besides exist in forms of aid seeking for psychological upset. Womans are more likely to seek aid from and unwrap mental wellness jobs to their primary wellness attention doctor while work forces are more likely to seek specializer mental wellness attention and are the chief users of inpatient attention ‘ .There is considerable sum of prejudice against people with mental wellness jobs among the wellness service suppliers. As cited in the ‘Science daily ‘ , Dr Alex Mitchell and his squad conducted a survey in 2009 to look into hinderances in entree to proper mental wellness attention services. They found out:‘Despite similar or really more frequent medical contacts, there are frequently disparities in the physical health care delivered to those with psychiatric unwellness with frankly poorer attention offered to ( or accepted by ) those with preexistent mental wellness jobs. ‘Patients are besides a spot colored about mental wellness issues. They normally avoid seeing a mental wellness professional. Many of them address their mental wellness jobs to their doctors instead than some mental wellness specializer. Vivian Kovess and co-workers conducted a survey in 2007 to look into the motivation factors in seeking professional aid for mental wellness issues. They found out that: ‘More than half of the sample would see their general practician foremost and frequently would go on with the general practician for followup. Mental wellness professionals were mentioned far less than general Practitioners ‘ . They besides found out that factors like age, instruction and societal support besides affect the seeking of professional mental wellness services.they concluded: ‘General Practitioners are frequently the point of entry into the mental wellness attention system and demand to be supported. Public information runs about mental wellness attention options and interventions are needed to educate the populace, extinguish the stigma of mental unwellness and extinguish biass ‘ . Due to gender functions assigned by society, among patients with mental wellness jobs, adult females are more likely to describe as compared to work forces. In 2009 a research was conducted by Bader and Sinha. Their survey was manifold and was conducted on an Iraqi sample. One of their many findings were: ‘Interviewees describing supplanting as a cause for necessitating mental wellness services were twice every bit likely to be female ‘ . HARP conducted a DH funded survey in 2003. Its intent was to place Bridges and Barriers into mental wellness of refuge searchers. They concluded: ‘The bulk of the male participants in the community audiences felt that work forces in their state of beginning faced specific force per unit areas that did non ease the self-acknowledgement of emotional or mental wellness jobs and that early socialisation in most civilizations did non promote work forces to speak about their jobs ‘ . A survey ( as cited in Dr Anderson Stanciole ‘s article ) on ‘Quality of and entree to wellness attention services ‘ was conducted by HEALTH QUEST under the European Commission. This was aimed at analysing the barriers of entree to mainstream wellness attention services for people at hazard of societal exclusion. Eight states were studied in deepness. They found out that there was a really complex state of affairs in supplying wellness attention installations to migrators. One issue was of multicultural scene. The migrators had communicating issues. They could n't understand instructions or state their jobs decently. Second job was that the professionals had no information of their medical history and besides no manner to achieve it. So, along with prejudice, cultural issues like linguistic communication and brought up manner besides pose a barrier in supplying wellness attention services. Sometimes the mental wellness supplying installations have so complicated processs of admittance, that the aid searcher is discouraged automatically. â€Å" A cardinal challenge some groups of refuge searchers face is right set abouting the procedure of using for protection † . ( Guylim Croucher 2007 ) A survey by Gordon Paul, conducted in 1988, cited in Neal & A ; Davison ( Ninth edition ) suggests that even in the best residential mental wellness attention places, the Patients do non hold optimum contact with healers or psychologist. The clinical staff spends what is even less than one 4th of their entire on the job hours with the patients. Discussion: Service provided to immature males in mental wellness attention establishments in UK is non every bit good as it is expected to be. â€Å" We have seen many instances where the proviso of wellness attention to refuge searchers has fallen significantly short of what would be accepted as a minimal criterion of attention under international human rights criterion † ( Joint Committee on human rights: grounds. P.173 ) Mental wellness is a really huge term and residential mental wellness attention professionals need to concentrate on all the facets of mental wellness. For case, some of the males who were interviewed during the survey pointed out that they had trouble in making the mental wellness attention professionals. Residents in such institutes require proper counsel and reding. They will non profit from the installation if a professional is non available for them most of the clip. Some patients who are non native have besides pointed out linguistic communication issues. The residence should engage proper professionals and perchance an translator for such patients. Bias among the staff was besides reported in some of the semi structured interviews. If the professional mental wellness staff will be biased against people holding mental wellness issues, so there is small opportunity for a life clip improvement of patients. Such immature males are already subjected to a batch of prejudice and unfavorable judgment that can hold a permanent consequence on their lives. They deserve a bias free environment at least inside the installation. One good thing about the mental wellness attention institute is that the professionals over there arrange meetings with the patient ‘s relations and attention takers from clip to clip to educate them about mental wellness issues that their beloved 1s are confronting. Decision: In visible radiation of literature reappraisal and above treatment, it can be concluded that despite supplying mental wellness attention and installations to immature males, mental wellness attention residential places need to be improved. Hiring of professional, un-biased staff is required. Handiness of and entree to good trained psychologists and clinical psychologists is a must. Young males are more unfastened to therapy as compared to medicine, so counseling Sessionss should be encouraged. Some residential mental wellness attention centres do non carry through the demands of the patients. They should increase their support to run into the basic demands of the occupants. On the whole it can be said that these institutes have both, virtues and demerits. Some issues like colored attitude, handiness of professionals, adequate psychotherapeutics Sessionss and physical demands in such installations need to be addressed. Mentions: Anderson E. Stanciole, Manfred Huber ; 2009. Access to wellness attention for migrators. Policy Brief. ( Internet ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.euro.centre.org/data/1254748286_82982.pdf. ( Accessed: 20 may 2009 ) Bader F, A Sinha R ; 2009. Psycho-Social wellness in displaced Iraqis ‘ . Pubmed. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19806555. ( Accessed: 20 may 2010 ) Croucher, G. 2007. The challenge of assisting refuge searchers. ASPA Conference. ( Internet ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //docs.google.com/viewer? a=v & A ; q=cache: tdsC0kpPXDAJ: arts.monash.edu.au/psi/news-and-events/apsa/refereed-papers/au-nz-politics/croucher. ( Accessed: 20 May 2010 )Fraz, C.E & A ; Barker, J.C 2009. When aid becomes a hinderence. American Journal of Geriatic Psychology. ( online ) .Abstract from Geriatic Psychiatry Database. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //journals.lww.com/ajgponline/Abstract/publishahead/When_Help_Becomes_a_Hindrance__Mental_Health.99920.aspx. ( Accessed 20 may 2010 )Gender disparities and mental wellness: The Facts. World Health Organization. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/en/ ( Accessed: 20 May 2010 )HARP, 2003. DH. ( Internet ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.networks.nhs.uk/uploads/06/03/refugeeconf/lane.ppt ( Accessed 20 May 2010 ) . Joint Comitee on Human Rights.Provision of wellness attention 10th study of session 2006-2007. ( Internet ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.pk/books? id=p_m-YfqqPmsC & A ; pg=PA173 & A ; dq=problems+faced+by+mental+health+care+seekers & A ; hl=en & A ; ei=2KD1S5ycGMufrAeNgIX3Cg & A ; sa=X & A ; oi=book_result & A ; ct=result & A ; resnum=1 & A ; ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA # v=onepage & A ; q=problems % 20faced % 20by % 20mental % 20health % 20care % 20seekers & A ; f=fals ( Accessed: 20 may 2010 )Mitchell, A 2009. ‘People With Mental Health Problems Receive Inadequate Medical Care ‘ . Science Daily. ( cyberspace ) .June 4, 2009. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090602083721.htm( Accessed: 20 May 2010 ) Neal & A ; Davison 1997. Abnormal Psychology. ( Ninth Edition ) . Available at: www.wiley.com/college/davison ( Accessed: 21 may 2010 ) Taylor & A ; James 1977. Secret of life album. ( Internet ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //mentalhealth.about.com/cs/stressmanagement/a/whatismental.htm ( Accessed 21 May 2010 ) Viviane, K & A ; Delphine, S 2007. Motivating Factors for Mental Health. BMC Public Health. ( Online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medscape.com/viewarticle/563591. ( Accessed: 20 May 2010 ) Qualitative research methods. Information Bulletin, CHSD. ( Online ) .Vol I. available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm? harvard_id=34 # 34 ( Accessed 20 May 2010 ) .

Batman and the Bush Administration essays

Batman and the Bush Administration essays Smoke billows out from a Manhattan skyscraper, damaged by a fiery explosion. This could easily be a scene from 9/11, however we see Batman looking grimly on as a poster advertises the film will be released soon. Clearly this film plays on the fears of terrorism. As depicted in The Dark Knight, the Joker plays the terrorist, while Gotham's leadership struggles to contain him. The film departs from the superhero ideals of pure good versus pure evil, showing a murky world where moral decisions have to be made in order to stop evil. Because of this, The Dark Knight seems to be an allegory for the War on Terrorism. This paper will look at how the Joker represents terrorism, while Batman represents George Bush and his administration's War on Terror. The Dark Knight opens with a predictable bank robbery. Masked robbers enter a bank, fire a few shots, and try to crack a safe. During the sequence a few of the thugs are discussing who exactly the Joker is. Because of the tilted camera angles something seems askew. Later the Joker kills all his assistant robbers, likely in an effort to protect himself. According to a report from the Defense Technical Information Center, terrorist leadership often tricks fanatics into suicide attacks because it too leaves little evidence they can be tied too (Miyasato). Ostensibly the Joker killed his fellow robbers for similar reasons. In one act of random violence the Joker kidnaps a Batman look-a-like a man he knows is not his real archenemy and proceeds to execute him in a gory manner. He then releases this video to a TV station. This seems like al-Qaida's video of the beheading of journalist Daniel Pearl. The terrorists too knew Pearl was not their military opponent, however they still killed him. Later CBS decided to air the video (Barringer), much like the TV studio in Gotham. In both Gotham and real life these videos were just a mouthpiece for the terrorists to spread fear. The Joker appears motiv...

Definition of Room Temperature

Definition of Room Temperature To the average person, room temperature is the thermometer reading of the room. In science and industry, the temperature is defined. However, not everyone uses the same value: Room Temperature Definition Room temperature is a range of temperatures that denote comfortable habitation for humans. Over this temperature range, a person isnt either hot or cold when wearing ordinary clothing. The definition of the temperature range is somewhat different for science and engineering compared with climate control. For climate control, the range is also different depending on whether its summer or winter.In science, 300 K can also be used as room temperature for easy calculations when using absolute temperature. Other common values are 298 K (25 °C or  77  Ã‚ °F) and 293 K (20 °C or  68  Ã‚ °F). For climate control, a typical room temperature range is anywhere from  15  Ã‚ °C (59  Ã‚ °F) and 25  Ã‚ °C (77  Ã‚ °F). People tend to accept a slightly higher room temperature in the summer and lower value in the winter, based on the clothing they would wear outdoors. Room Temperature Versus Ambient Temperature Ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the surroundings. This may or may not be a comfortable room temperature.